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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat embryonic heart with reference to HNK-1 immunoreactivity in the conduction tissue (1994)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 190 (1994), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase ; HNK-1 ; Heart ; Morphogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was topographically investigated in the presumptive cardiac conduction tissue regions visualized by HNK-1 immunoreactivity in rat embryos, and AChE-positive cells were examined with the electron microscope. On embryonic day (ED) 14.5, when HNK-1 was most intensely visualized, AChE activity could not be detected enzyme-histochemically in the conduction tissue regions, except in the ventricular trabeculae and part of the AV node. On ED 16.5, however, the AChE activity was clearly demonstrated in some parts of the developing conduction tissue. One exception was the AV node region, where an AChE-positive area was in close proximity to an area showing HNK-1 immunoreactivity but did not overlap. Furthermore, AChE activity was demonstrated predominantly in the ventricular trabeculae, including cardiac myocytes, but was rather weak in the atrium. With the electron microscope, AChE reaction products were observed predominantly intracellulary in both developing conduction tissue cells and developing ordinary myocytes, and no reactivity was found in neuronal components. From ED 18.5 until birth, both AChE activity and HNK-1 immunoreactivity faded away in the conduction tissue. Thus, transient AChE activity in the embryonic heart seems to be different from the developing adult form and may be related to a morphogenetic function in embryonic tissues, as proposed by other authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187294
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of injecting fibronectin and antifibronectin antibodies on cushion mesenchyme formation in the chick (1992)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 185 (1992), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Heart ; Endocardial cushions ; Cell migration ; Fibronectin ; Fibronectin peptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During heart development in the chick some of the endocardial cells that cover the cushion areas leave the cushion endocardium, seed the underlying cardiac jelly, and are transformed into mesenchyme. Cushion mesenchymal (CM) cells migrate from the endocardium toward the myocardium using the cardiac jelly as substratum. Developing cushions have been microinjected with fibronectin (FN), antifibronectin antibodies (AbFN), and four synthetic peptide probes. Two of these peptides (P7 and P10) contained the sequence Arg-GlyAsp-Ser (RGDS), while the other two (P15 and PColl) did not. Cushion area, individual cell area, cell density, cell orientation and a factor of form were evaluated in both experimental and control cushions. CM cell migration was inhibited by FN and AbFN, only partially inhibited by P10 and unaffected by P7. Cushions injected with P15 and PColl were unaffected. These results can be explained by steric modifications of the extracellular matrix, that may render cardiac jelly nonpermissive for CM cell migration, or by interaction of the substances injected at the endocardial cell surface. Migrating CM cells do not present any preferential orientation in any particular direction. CM cell migration seems to depend upon intrinsic migratory behaviour and the presence of FN at the CM cell surface. The enforcement of the direction of CM cell migration does not appear to rely upon matrix signals but be the result of randomly migrating cells becoming distributed more evenly in the matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211822
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actin bundles on the right side in the caudal part of the heart tube play a role in dextro-looping in the embryonic chick heart (1991)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 183 (1991), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Heart ; Morphogenesis ; Actin ; Cytochalasin ; Chick embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of actin bundles on the heart looping of chick embryos was examined by using cytochalasin B, which binds to the barbed end of actin filaments and inhibits association of the subunits. It was applied to embryos cultured according to New's method. Looping did not occur when cytochalasin B was applied diffusely in the medium. Further, we disorganized actin bundles in a limited part of the heart tube to examine the role of actin bundles in each part in asymmetry formation. A small crystal of cytochalasin B was applied to the caudal part of the heart tube on either the left or right side. The disorganization of actin bundles on the left side resulted in the right-bending of the heart, an initial sign of dextro-looping (normal pattern), and right side disorganization resulted in left-bending. We suggest that actin bundles on the right side of the caudal part of a heart tube generate tension and cause dextro-looping. Embryos whose hearts bent to the right rotated their heads to the right, and embryos with left-bent-hearts rotated their heads to the left. The rotation of the heart tube may therefore decide in which direction the body axis rotates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185832
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of vitronectin in embryonic rat endocardial cell migration in vitro (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vitronectin ; Endocardial cells ; Cell migration ; Heart ; Rat (Donryu)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vitronectin is one of the extracellular matrices that mediate cell spreading and attachment in vitro. In the present paper, we demonstrate the involvement of vitronectin in the migration of cushion mesenchymal cells of the embryonic rat heart. Immunohistochemistry established the localization of vitronectin in the myocardial cells and in some of the cushion mesenchymal cells of the truncus arteriosus and atrioventricular canal. In vitro, vitronectin, fibronectin, and collagen type-I revcaled significant stimulating activity for cushion mesenchymal cell migration. The distance migrated by cushion mesenchymal cells cultured on vitronectin, collagen type-I, or both vitronectin and fibronectin was similar, but that on fibronectin was significantly shorter. Following the addition of anti-vitronectin IgG to the medium, the migration distance of cushion mesenchymal cells on fibronectin was remarkably increased. Most explants on vitronectin or on both vitronectin and fibronectin became detached from dishes after the addition of the antivitronectin antibody. Immunostaining revealed that cushion mesenchymal cells cultured on substrata other than vitronectin synthesized vitronectin. From these results, it is suggested that vitronectin is synthesized by myocardial cells and some cushion mesenchymal cells, and that vitronectin inhibits cell movement on fibronectin. This feature of vitronectin may be important in the regulation of the migration of cushion mesenchymal cell in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338052
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in the fish heart and blood plasma examined by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Freshwater fish ; Seawater fish ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Radioimmunoassay ; Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei) ; Narke japonica (Elasmobranchii) ; Eptatretus burgeri (Cyclostomata)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunoreactivity of atrial natriuretic peptide and ultrastructure of cardiocytes were examined in 5 species each of freshwater and seawater teleosts, as well as in 2 species each of elasmobranchs and cyclostomes. Immunoreactivity was strong in the atria of Cyprinus carpio, Anguilla japonica and Conger myriaster, rather weak in atria of Channa maculata, Lepomis macrochirus, Salmo gairdneri, Oplegnathus fasciatus and Eptatretus burgeri, very weak in atria of Pagrus major, Trachurus japonicus and Triakis scyllia, and not detectable in atria of Hexagrammos otakii, Narke japonica and Lampetra japonica. The immunoreactivity of the atrial cardiocytes was generally stronger in freshwater than seawater fish. Ventricular immunoreactivity was detected only in 7 species, always being weaker than that observed in the atrium. Ultrastructurally, however, secretory granules were found in atria and ventricles of all species examined, being more frequent in the former than the latter. By radioimmunoassay, immunoreactive ANP was detected in the extracts of blood plasma and both atrial and ventricular tissues of all species examined. There were no statistically significant differences in the values between freshwater and seawater species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaline hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate with phase transfer catalyst aliquat 336 (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 397-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A reasonable analytical procedure of the overall reaction rate for the phase transfer catalysis with mass transfer is discussed. Alkaline hydrolysis of n-butyl acetate with a phase transfer catalyst Aliquat 336 (tricaprylmethylammonium chloride, Q+Cl-) was chosen as a model system and carried out in an agitated vessel with a flat interface. Overall reaction rates observed were proportional to the interfacial concentration of the actual reactant Q+OH- (the ion pair consisting of quaternary ammonium cation Q+ and OH-) for the hydrolysis in the organic phase. The interfacial concentration of Q+OH- was a unique function of bulk concentrations of the catalyst and NaOH, and the ionic strength of the aqueous solution. This behavior of the overall reaction rates was explained by the proposed model solution. The reaction rate constant, evaluated by fitting the rate data to the model prediction, was 47 m3/kmol·s at 298 K. It was 70 or more times greater than that of conventional alkaline hydrolysis in the aqueous phase.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uranium adsorption characteristics of a circulating fluidized-bed adsorber (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 879-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new type of fluidized bed, called a circulating fluidized-bed adsorber (CFBA), was developed for processing a large quantity of water with high efficiency. Its fluid mechanical characteristics are reported, as well as recovery of uranium from natural seawater using a small CFBA. Using hydrous titanium oxide, granulated with polyacrylonitrile (PAN-HTO), as an adsorbent, CFBA ran stably for six days, the period required for the adsorbent to collect a practical amount of uranium. To predict the uranium adsorption performance of a plant-size CFBA, a numerical model simulating the adsorption kinetics was developed. The result of the numerical calculation by the model was in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690380609
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractal-like behavior observed for a mass-transport process (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1667-1670 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381018
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of benzyl alcohol using hypochlorite ion via phase-transfer catalysis (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 2028-2033 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heterogeneous oxidation of benzyl alcohol using hypochlorite ion with phase-transfer catalyst is carried out in an agitated vessel with a flat interface. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and toluene are chosen as the best catalyst and solvent, respectively. Observed reaction rates are proportional to the interfacial concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium hypochlorite in the organic phase, which is formed by ion exchange between bromide and hypochlorite ions. They are reasonably explained by the proposed theoretical model for the phase-transfer catalysis. The reaction rate constant evaluated by fitting the rate data to the model prediction is 22.7 m3 /kmol·s at 303 K, independent of the physical properties in the aqueous solutions. The maximum yield of benzaldehyde is about 90% and the selectivity is 100% for the conversion of hypochlorite ion less than 80%.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690401212
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of circulating fluidized bed adsorber (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1003-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new fludized bed which is divided in a looplike shape by a partition wall has been developed for recovering trace elements from a large quantity of industrial water. The bed, a circulating fluidized bed applicable to a liquid-solid two-phase flow, is called a circulating fluidized bed absorber (CFBA). Adsorbent particles are mixed and carried along with water in the CFBA. At the upper part of the bed, the absorbent particles are separated from the water flow and recycled in the bed; the depleted water flows out of a water outlet. The CFBA is operated at two to three times higher velocity than conventional liquid-solid contacting systems. The pressure drop in the CFBA is in proportion to the amount of adsorbent suspended in the contacting section. Characteristics of the CFBA, including design considerations, are described.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360705
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