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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • Delia antiqua  (3)
  • RFLP  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onion fly egg distribution in soil: a new sampling method and the effect of two granular insecticides (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Onion fly ; Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; egg distribution ; soil sampling ; agar infusion ; insecticide ; Lorsban™ 15 G ; chlorpyrifos ; Dyfonate™ 15 G ; fonofos ; ovipositional behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method for rapidly determining the vertical and horizontal distribution of insect eggs in fragile soil is described. Liquefied agar is allowed to permeate intact soil samples from below; after cooling, the resulting solid is cut into thin sections, from which eggs can be recovered by washes with hot water. This technique revealed that in organic (muck) soil in the laboratory, undisturbed onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), laid 95% of their eggs within a 10 mm diameter zone around the base of a surrogate onion ‘stem’ arising vertically from the soil. Ninety % of all eggs were found in the top 12 mm of soil, with an apparent maximum at depth of 2–4 mm. Increasing fly density from 30 to 200 flies per 30×30×42 cm cage flattened the horizontal distribution of eggs and extended the ovipositional range from c. 15 mm to beyond 60 mm, suggesting there was competition for the preferred ovipositional sites. Surface treatment of muck soil in the field by granular formulations of the insecticides Lorsban™ 15 G (active ingredient chlorpyrifos) and Dyfonate™ 15 G (fonofos) three weeks prior to bioassaying reduced egg-laying at depths greater than 8 mm. The relation between the measured egg distribution and mortality factors in soil (low moisture and high temperature) is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192777
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of ovipositional behavior: Effects of a host-plant chemical on the onion fly (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 4 (1991), S. 773-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Delia antiqua ; Anthomyiidae ; Diptera ; herbivore ; egg-laying ; host-finding ; sensory systems ; chemoreception ; n-dipropyl disulfide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Behavioral responses of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), to hostplant cues were quantified during encounters of individual flies with onion plants and onion foliar surrogates. The behavioral repertoire of such females included sitting, grooming, running up and down foliar surfaces, extension of the proboscis such that the labellum contacted foliar and soil surfaces, movements of the tip of the abdomen over surfaces (surface probing), subsurface probing of soil crevices with the ovipositor, and oviposition. Sequences of behaviors preceding oviposition were probabilistic rather than highly stereotyped but generally followed the order given above. Foliar surrogates were used to determine the effects of n-dipropyl disulfide (Pr2S2) on the sequence of behaviors leading up to oviposition. The addition of a Pr2S2-treated surrogate to a cage increased the frequency of alighting on that surrogate but also increased alighting on a nearby foliar surrogate without Pr2S2. After alighting, females encountering surrogates treated with Pr2S2 had shorter latencies to proboscis extension and surface probing, spent less time sitting and grooming, and had runs of shorter duration. These females were also more likely to make the transition from probing of surfaces of foliage and soil to subsurface probing of soil crevices and oviposition. Thus, rather than mediating a particular step in the behavioral sequence, Pr2S2 played a role throughout the sequence leading up to oviposition. Collectively, these data and past studies on the onion fly support the hypothesis that egglaying is triggered by a temporal summation of inputs to the central nervous system from various sensory modalities rather than strict behavioral chaining, with each transition effected by some unique cue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052231
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RFLP analysis of phylogenetic relationships and genetic variation in the genus Lycopersicon (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 437-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon ; Phylogeny ; RFLP ; Genetic variation ; Breeding system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Forty single-copy, nuclear probes of known chromosomal position were used to examine restriction fragment length polymorphism in the tomato genus Lycopersion. The probes were from three libraries: one cDNA, and two genomic libraries ⦓ne genomic made with EcoRI and the other with PstI. Total DNA from 156 plants representing eight species was cut with five different restriction enzymes and scored in 198 probe-enzyme combinations. Genetic distances between accessions (populations) and species were calculated from the resultant restriction patterns and proportion of shared bands. Accessions belonging to the same species largely clustered together, confirming their current classification. However, one mountain accession, classified as L. peruvianum var. humifusum (LA2150), was sufficiently distinct from the other accessions of L. peruvianum that it may qualify as a separate species L. esculentum and L. pimpinellifolium were the least clearly differentiated, possibly reflecting introgressive hybridization, known to have been promoted by man in recent history. Dendrograms constructed from cDNA versus genomic clones were nearly identical in their general grouping of species. The dendrograms revealed two major dichotomies in the genus: one corresponding to mating behavior [self-compatible (SC) versus self-incompatible (SI) species] and the other corresponding to fruit color (red versus green-fruited species). The ratio of withinversus between-accession diversity was much lower for SC species, indicating that most of the diversity within these species exists between populations, rather than within populations. Overall, the amount of genetic variation in the SI species far exceeded that found in SC species. This result is exemplified by the fact that more genetic variation could be found within a single accession of one of the SI species (e.g., L. peruvianum) than among all accessions tested of any one of the SC species (e.g., L. esculentum or L. pimpinellifolium). Results from this study are discussed in relationship to germ plasm collection/utilization and with regard to the use of RFLPs in tomato breeding and genetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226743
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different restriction enzymes, probe source, and probe length on detecting restriction fragment length polymorphism in tomato (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 385-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: RFLP ; Tomato ; Probe source ; Probe length ; Restriction enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Since the construction and use of RFLP genetic maps depends on the ability of cloned sequences to detect polymorphism, we have attempted to determine conditions under which maximum levels of polymorphism can be detected. Forty cloned nuclear sequences from three different libraries (cDNA, EcoRI genomic, and Pstl genomic) were hybridized to total DNA from 149 plants representing eight species of the tomato genus Lycopersicon. Five different restriction enzymes were employed in this study. We examined the relationship between polymorphism (number of restriction patterns) and clone size, restriction enzyme, size of hybridizing restriction fragments, and clone source (library). We found no relationship between clone size (ranging from 0.4 to 5.3 kb) and polymorphism. There was a strong positive relationship (r 2 = 0.79) between polymorphism and the average size of the fragments produced by each restriction enzyme. cDNA clones hybridized to larger fragments compared to genomic clones. cDNAs also detected significantly more polymorphism (approximately 25% more) than genomic clones — possibly indicating high levels of sequence variability in introns and/or areas flanking coding regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210077
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cinnamyl derivatives and monoterpenoids as nonspecific ovipositional deterrents of the onion fly (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2401-2428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cinnamaldehyde ; Delia antiqua ; deterrent ; discriminate-dosage bioassay ; monoterpenoid ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory dose-response choice tests and discriminate-dosage bioassays revealed wide variation in the effectiveness of cinnamyl, cinnamoyl, monoterpene, and phenethyl alcohol derivatives as ovipositional deterrents toDelia antiqua (Meigen), the onion fly. (E)-Cinnamic acids were not detectably deterrent. When formulated in particles of polyethylene glycol, (E)-cinnamaldehyde had a BR90 (concentration eliciting 90% deterrency) of 1.0% and (E)-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde had a BR90 of 0.38%. Among nine monoterpenoids tested,p-cymene was inactive, citronellal had a BR90 of 3.7%, and terpinene-4-ol had a BR90 of 0.46%. Para-substituted phenethyl alcohols gave increasing deterrence in the order: −NO2, CH3O−, −Cl, −CH3, −H. Wide varieties of structures were deterrent: C-8 to C-13, intermediate in polarity, and possessing either oxygen-containing or nitrile functional groups. The air concentration of (E)-cinnamaldehyde at its BR90 was 1.7 ng/ml. This relatively high concentration, the diversity in deterrent structures, and the lack of differences in deterrency among positional and optical isomers suggest that ovipositional deterrency in onion flies is mediated by receptors broadly tuned for detecting phenylpropenoid, phenolic, monoterpenoid, and perhaps other classes of allelochemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01017465
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