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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of potent, selective P2Y-purinoceptor agonists: structure-activity relationships for 2-thioether derivatives of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 36 (1993), S. 3937-3946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00076a023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vessel tone and remodeling (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 16-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Vascular shear stress (caused by biomechanical forces associated with changes in blood flow) and hypoxia stimulate endothelial cells to release ATP. Purinergic P2 nucleotide receptors on endothelial cells bind ATP, which triggers secretion of nitric oxide, resulting in vasodilation. Although P2Y ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0106-16
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ hybridization of atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA in the endothelial cells of human umbilical vessels (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of mRNA encoding preproatrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was investigated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and tissue preparations of umbilical vein and artery. The techniques used were in situ hybridization and in situ hybridization combined with immunocytochemistry, using 32P-radiolabelled and non-radioactive digoxigenin labelled complementary RNA probes. Human ANP mRNAs are mainly localized in the endothelial cells of the umbilical vein and, to a lesser extent, in the endothelial cells of the umbilical artery. The autoradiographic labelling and the intensity of digoxigenin staining were significantly reduced by treatment with RNase before in situ hybridization. This study provides unequivocal evidence for the expression of the ANP gene in the endothelial cells of human umbilical vessels, confirming that these endothelial cells have the ability to synthesize this peptide. The functional significance of the presence of the ANP mRNA in the endothelial cells of human umbilical vessels is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270047
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electrophysiological study of developmental changes in the innervation of the guinea-pig taenia coli (1993)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 423 (1993), S. 427-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Cholinergic neutrotransmission ; Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurotransmission ; α,β-Methylene ATP ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Noradrenaline ; Carbachol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A sucrose-gap technique was used to study the development of neuromuscular transmission in the taenia coli of fetal, 1- to 2-day-old, 3- to 4-week-old and 3-month-old guinea-pigs. In addition, the effects of exogenous, α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), noradrenaline, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and carbachol were examined. Taking the response to a single pulse of electrical field stimulation as the index of a developed neuromuscular junction, it was apparent that the non-adrenergic inhibitory system arose before, and matured more quickly than, the cholinergic system. The inhibitory system was present by 8 weeks of gestation in some fetuses, but, in contrast, excitatory cholinergic transmission was not seen until birth. As evidenced by responses to carbachol, α,β-methylene ATP and VIP, cholinergic, purinergic and VIP receptors were present on the smooth muscle at the earliest ages studied. No changes in sensitivity to these agents were noted throughout development, although in adults the level of the maximum responses increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374937
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormalities of innervation of internal anal sphincter in fecal incontinence (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 1961-1969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: adrenergic innervation ; fecal incontinence ; internal anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Physiological and histological studies have shown that the internal anal sphincter is abnormal in idiopathic fecal incontinence. We have recently demonstrated that the invitro contractile response of the internal anal sphincter to the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline is decreased in incontinence. In this study we have further defined this reduced sensitivity and provided more information about the intrinsic innervation in both the normal and the incontinent sphincter muscle. Muscle strips from 12 incontinent patients undergoing post anal repair and from 11 controls undergoing rectal excision for low rectal carcinoma were studied. Responses to noradrenaline were recorded initially alone and then in the presence of phentolamine, an α-adrenoceptor blocker. In the presence of phentolamine, noradrenaline caused relaxation: there was no significant difference in the relaxation-response curves and the EC50 was the same in the two groups. These results demonstrate that the previously documented reduced sensitivity to noradrenaline is due to an altered sensitivity of the α-adrenoceptors. Electrical field stimulation produced relaxations in all muscle strips, but only in the controls was the magnitude of the relaxation significantly increased in the presence of phentolamine. This indicates that there is an α-adrenergic excitatory component of the response to electrical field stimulation of the intramural nerves, which was present in tissues from control patients but which was absent in tissues from patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297070
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anin vitro electrophysiological study of the colon from patients with idiopathic chronic constipation (1992)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 2 (1992), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: Colon ; Constipation ; Inhibitory junction potential ; Large intestine ; Smooth muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preparations of the circular muscle layer from the sigmoid colon resected from patients with idiopathic chronic constipation were compared, at an electrophysiological level using the sucrose-gap technique, with preparations of the same region of the intestine resected from patients with rectal carcinoma. Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, represented by inhibitory junction potentials, was present in preparations from both groups. However, the inhibitory response in preparations from constipated patients had a slower or longer time-course than in those from cancer patients. Also, rebound activity following inhibitory transmission was observed in 34% of preparations from constipated patients but was observed in 67% of preparations from cancer patients. Preparations from both groups displayed the same patterns of spontaneous activity and the same proportion of each group was quiescent. The threshold for generation of action potentials and the passive resistance of the smooth muscle membrane were the same in both groups. However, quiescent preparations from constipated patients were less likely to discharge trains of action potentials when the smooth muscle membrane was depolarized than were preparations from cancer patients. These changes in transmission processes and excitability in tissue from constipated patients are discussed in relation to altered states of colonic motility found in people with idiopathic chronic constipation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01824303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase in adrenal gland of developing, adult and aging Sprague-Dawley rats (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal gland ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histochemistry ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-diaphorase) was investigated in the adrenal gland of developing, adult and aging rats with the use of immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques. Nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons within the adrenal gland were found from the 20th day of gestation onwards. During early development the neurons were found as small clusters of smaller-size cells compared to those observed in the adult gland. Their number reached that of adult level by the 4th day after birth, and in the glands from aging rats a 28.6% increase was observed. Whilst no immunofluorescence was seen in chromaffin cells during early development, some cells from glands of aging rats showed nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactivity with varying intensity. The immunoreactive neurons from postnatal rat adrenals were also positive for NADPH-diaphorase, whilst those in prenatal rats were negative or lightly stained. Nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibres were present in all adrenal glands examined from the 16th day of gestation onwards. A considerable degree of variation in the distribution of immunoreactive fibres both in medulla and outer region of cortex at the different age groups was observed and described. Most, but not all, nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibres also showed NADPH-diaphorase staining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354792
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH-diaphorase in adrenal gland of developing, adult and aging Sprague-Dawley rats (1994)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Adrenal gland – Nitric oxide synthase – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH) – Immunohistochemistry – Histochemistry – Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution and colocalization of nitric oxide synthase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-diaphorase) was investigated in the adrenal gland of developing, adult and aging rats with the use of immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques. Nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons within the adrenal gland were found from the 20th day of gestation onwards. During early development the neurons were found as small clusters of smaller-size cells compared to those observed in the adult gland. Their number reached that of adult level by the 4th day after birth, and in the glands from aging rats a 28.6% increase was observed. Whilst no immunofluorescence was seen in chromaffin cells during early development, some cells from glands of aging rats showed nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactivity with varying intensity. The immunoreactive neurons from postnatal rat adrenals were also positive for NADPH-diaphorase, whilst those in prenatal rats were negative or lightly stained. Nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibres were present in all adrenal glands examined from the 16th day of gestation onwards. A considerable degree of variation in the distribution of immunoreactive fibres both in medulla and outer region of cortex at the different age groups was observed and described. Most, but not all, nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive nerve fibres also showed NADPH-diaphorase staining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354792
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of intracardiac neurones and nerve terminals that contain a marker for nitric oxide, NADPH-diaphorase, in the guinea-pig heart (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: NADPH-diaphorase ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Nitric oxide ; Heart ; Intracardiac neurones ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is strong evidence that NADPH-diaphorase can be used as a marker for neurones that employ nitric oxide as a messenger molecule. In the present study, the NADPH-diaphorase activity of intracardiac neurones and nerve terminals in whole-mount stretch preparations and sections of the newborn and adult guinea-pig atria and interatrial septum has been examined histochemically. Together with epicardial, endothelial and endocardial cells, which displayed some NADPH-diaphorase staining, a subpopulation of intracardiac neurones exhibited moderate-heavy labelling for NADPH-diaphorase, while the majority of neurones were only lightly stained or negative. Intracardiac ganglia containing positive neuronal cell bodies were located between the epicardial cells and atrial myocytes in four main regions: in association with the superior and inferior vena cavae, the points of entry of the pulmonary veins, and within the interatrial septum. Nerve terminals exhibiting NADPH-diaphorase activity were seen throughout the atrial tissue, forming basket-like endings around intracardiac neuronal cell bodies; varicose terminals were also observed on atrial myocytes and other non-neuronal structures. A proportion of the nerve fibres was clearly of intrinsic origin, other terminals may well have originated from neuronal cell bodies present outside the heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312831
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of NADPH-diaphorase and colocalization of nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells of the rabbit aorta (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 539-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: NADPH-diaphorase ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Colocalization ; Aortic endothelium ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This is the first report on the ultrastructural pattern of distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) in endothelial cells, using the rabbit aorta, and its colocalization with the neuronal isoform (type I) of nitric oxide synthase. About 30% of the endothelial cells showed a positive reaction for NADPH-d compared to about 6% for nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity. Simultaneous double histochemical-immunocytochemical labelling procedures indicate that all of the cells displaying nitric oxide synthase-positive reactivity also contained NADPH-d; the remainder of NADPH-d-positive endothelial cells were negative for this isoform of nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide synthase-immunogold labelling was mostly associated with free ribosomes, while NADPH-d activity was distributed largely in patches in the cytoplasm and in association with the cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314551
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