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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 98 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective— To establish the prevalence of babies born before arrival at two local hospitals. To identify women at risk of giving birth before arrival, and the morbidity and mortality associated with such births.Design— A. case control study. Each baby born before arrival and its mother were compared with the next born in the hospital (random control), and one matched for gestation and birthweight, together with their mothers.Setting— Two maternity units serving East Birmingham and Solihull.Subjects— All babies (and their mothers) born before arrival at these hospitals from January 1983 to December 1987.Main outcome measures— Perinatal mortality rates, patterns of perinatal morbidity, demographic, social and obstetric features of the mothers.Results— 137 (0.44%) of 31 140 consecutive births were before arrival at hospital (BBA group). The perinatal mortality rate in the BBA group was 58.4/1000 (8 deaths) compared with 10.1/1000 for all inborn babies (relative risk 5.8, 95% confidence interval 2.9–11.4). In the BBA group the mean birthweight of 3008 g was 212 g (95% CI 50–374 g) less than that in the random control group; the mean gestation of 266 days was 10 days less (95% CI 5.9–14.1 days) than in the random control group. Hypothermia was the commonest morbidity. Women delivered before arrival tended to be either multigravid inner city Asians living a long way from the hospital or unmarried unbooked younger white Europeans.Conclusions— The high perinatal mortality was related to immaturity and low birthweight, rather than to birth before arrival itself. Although groups of mothers at risk of delivery before arrival can be identified more information is needed to establish whether additional antenatal care would be beneficial for these women and their babies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 27 (1993), S. 33-70 
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A Brassica juncea line carrying an introgression from Moricandia arvensis restored male fertility to two cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) B. juncea lines carrying either M. arvensis or Diplotaxis catholica cytoplasm. Genetics of fertility restoration was studied in the F1, F2, F3 and backcross generations of the cross between CMS and fertility-restorer lines. No male-sterile plants were found in F1-F3 generations of the cross between CMS [M. arvensis] B. juncea and the restorer. However, a 1: 1 segregation for male sterility and fertility was observed when the F1 was pollinated with non-restorer pollen from a euplasmic line. These results clearly show that restoration is mono-genic and gametophytic. In CMS lines carrying D. catholica cytoplasm, the restorer conferred male fertility to the F1 and showed 3: 1 and 1: 1 segregations for male fertility and sterility in F2 and BC1 generations, respectively, indicating a monogenic, sporophytic mode of fertility restoration. The results were also supported by pollen stainability in the F1 which was about 65% in M. arvensis-based CMS and 〉90% in D. catholica-based CMS. The above results are discussed in the light of previous molecular studies which showed association between CMS and atpA in both systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 8 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract: Solving the customer's LAN/WAN interconnect problem is difficult because of the need to explore many possible configurations (e.g. bridging/routing, packet/channels) and then to choose the best configuration using economic, performance and other criteria. The rapid introduction of new standards, protocols and products to the networking field brings additional complications to the solution and can cause confusion when configuring a network. ALCA is intended to generate all feasible LAN/WAN configuration possibilities automatically and to pick the most appropriate solution to solve the customer's problem, while specifically addressing open systems interconnection (OSI) standards. Matching communications protocols while searching all possible configurations is notoriously slow even on a computer. We show how the search speed can be significantly improved by using expert system knowledge compilation, a computer-aided software engineering (CASE) technique. ALCA is based on a centrally updated knowledge base of various local area networking products and their interconnect possibilities. ALCA also allows querying to find out protocol interfaces supported by a particular product/service. Finally, it includes a graphic user interface and context-sensitive menus to reduce user information load. ALCA is intended to be used by the field personnel involved in pre-sales support, by the data communication product managers, and as an educational tool for novice communication product managers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 112 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A new cytoplasmic male-sterility system was developed in an oilseed Brassica, viz. B. juncea var. ‘Pusa Bold’ with the cytoplasmic background of a wild species, Diplotaxis siifolia, obtained through wide hybridization. The synthetic alloploid (D. siifolia×B. juncea: 2n = 56, D3D3AABB) was repeatedly backcrossed to B. juncea to achieve cytoplasmic substitution. The CMS plants resembled the cultivar in growth and morphology. The flowers had narrow sepals and petals and short, shrivelled anthers which failed to dehisce. The meiotic process appeared to be normal. The microspores degenerated at an early stage after tetrad formation. Female fertility in the CMS plants was as good as in the cultivar. Female transmission of sterility confirmed it to be cytoplasmically encoded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 270-274 
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To develop a water repellent (WR), rodent repellent (RR) and UV resistant (UVR) formulation for woven nylon tapes to be used in aircraft arrester system. Design/methodology/approach - UVR, WR and RR formulation for woven nylon tapes were prepared using silicone oil as WR, oleoresin (OR) (red chilly extract) and denatonium benzoate (DB) as RRs, carbon black for UV resistance and butyral resin as binder. Findings - Incorporation of silicon oil improved the water repellency of the processed nylon tapes. DB and OR in the formulation protected the tapes from rats. The former showed excellent protection for nylon tapes in the experimental conditions. More than 150 days of protection has been achieved in comparison to 27 days using OR. The presence of carbon black along with silicon oil and DB in the formulation enabled the nylon tapes UVR-WR-RR in a single processing step. The presence of RRs and WRs within the same formulation did not affect each other's performance. Research limitations/implications - OR and DB were used as RR materials and silicone oil as WR material. In addition, some other RR and WR materials could have been evaluated. Practical implications - The formulation imparts UV resistance, water and rodent repellency to the nylon tapes after processing. Originality/value - This type of formulation is novel for processing of nylon tapes to be used in aircraft arrester systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 84-95 
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - Plasma spray coating technologies are capable of depositing a wide range of compositions without significantly heating the substrate. The objective is to characterise plasma sprayed metallic coatings on a Fe-based superalloy. Design/methodology/approach - NiCrAlY, Ni-20Cr, Ni3Al and Stellite-6 metallic coatings were deposited on a Fe-based superalloy (32Ni-21Cr-0.3Al-0.3Ti-1.5Mn-1.0Si-0.1C-Bal Fe) by the shrouded plasma spray process. The coatings were characterised in relation to coating thickness, porosity, microhardness and microstructure. The high temperature oxidation behaviour of the coatings was investigated in brief. The techniques used in the present investigation include metallography, XRD and SEM/EDAX. Findings - All the coatings exhibited a lamellar structure with distinctive boundaries along with the presence of some porosity and oxide inclusions. The microhardness of the coatings was observed to vary with the distance from the coating-substrate interface. The St-6 coating had the maximum microhardness, whereas the lowest hardness was exhibited by the Ni3Al coating. The phases revealed by XRD of the coatings confirmed the formation of solid solutions, whereas EDAX analysis of the as-sprayed coatings confirmed the presence of basic elements of the coating powders. So far as high temperature oxidation behaviour is concerned, all of the coatings followed the parabolic rate law and resulted in the formation of protective oxide scales on the substrate superalloy. Originality/value - The plasma spray process provides the possibility of developing coatings of Ni3Al as well as commercial available NiCrAlY, Ni-20Cr and St-6 powders on Fe-based superalloy Superfer 800H
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les dépenses énergétiques et l'excrétion urinaire azotée ont été mesurées pendant une semaine, après une intervention chirurgicale chez dix patients en état de dénutrition chronique et ont été comparées à celles de dix patients dont l'état nutritionnel était normal. La dépense énergétique de base (DEB) des patients en état de dénutrition chronique n'était pas significativement plus élevée comparée aux valeurs préopératoires [respectivement, en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 1210.66±88.13, 1354.91±86.61, 1215.09±89.68, 1188.23±86.61 kcal/jour: valeurs (moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne)]. Les dépenses énergétiques des témoins étaient significativement plus élevées (p〈0.05) par rapport à la DEB [respectivement en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 1357.18±70.81, 1574.66±100.35, 1502.89±109.44, 1477.23±83.52 kcal/jour: valeurs (moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne)]. Des facteurs de stress en cause dans la dépense énergétique ont été retrouvés plus souvent (mais non significativement) chez les témoins que chez les patients en dénutrition [respectivement, pour les jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 1.16 vs. 1.12, 1.11 vs. 1.00, et 1.09 vs. 0.98, (valeur moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne)]. L'excrétion azotée (g/jour) n'était pas plus élevée par rapport à la valeur de base (valeur moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne, respectivement, en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 6.23±0.87, 7.72±0.71, 8.36±0.87, et 8.04±1.09) chez les patients dénutris comparés à celle des témoins (valeur moyenne ± écart-type de la moyenne, respectivement, en préopératoire, et aux jours postopératoires 1, 4, et 8: 7.59±1.03, 9.57±1.33, 9.49±1.03, et 8.67 ±0.76). Des facteurs de stress en cause dans l'excrétion urinaire d'azote ont été retrouvés plus souvent (mais non significativement) chez les patients en état de dénutrition chronique. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les dépenses énergétiques post-opératoires chez les patients en état de dénutrition chronique étaient plus basses que chez les patients dont l'état nutritionnel est satsifaisant. L'excrétion d'urée urinaire, par contre, était similaire dans les deux groupes.
    Abstract: Resumen Pacientes con desnutrición crónica (n=10) sometidos a cirugía abdominal electiva fueron valorados en cuanto al gasto energético y las pérdidas urinarias de nitrógeno. Se hicieron mediciones una semana después de la cirugía y se calcularon los factores de estrés para cada parámetro. Los datos de los pacientes con desnutrición crónica fueron comparados con los de pacientes relativamente bien nutridos (n=10) sometidos a operaciones comparables. Se encontró que el gasto energético en reposo (REE) de los pacientes con desnutrición crónica no aparece significativamente elevado al compararlo con los valores preoperatorios (1210.66±88.13, 1354.91±86.61, 1215.09 ±89.68, 1188.23±86.61, kcal/día; preoperatorío, días 1, 4, y 8 postoperatorios respectivamente, media ± s.c.m.). Por el contrario, el gasto energético en reposo postoperatorio de los controles apareció significativamente elevado (p〈0.05) sobre los niveles bases (1357.18±70.81, 1574.66±100.35, 1502.89±109.44, y 1477.23±83.52 kcal/día; preoperatorio, días 1, 4, y 8 postoperatorios, respectivamente, media ± s.c.m.). Los factores de estrés para los controles resultaron más altos que para los desnutridos (1.16 vs. 1.12, 1.11 vs. 1.00, y 1.09 vs. 0.98; días 1, 4, y 8 postoperatorios, respectivamente). La excreción de nitrógeno urinario (g/día) no resultó significativamente elevada frente al valor de base (6.73±0.87, 7.77±0.71, 8.36±0.87, y 8.04±1.56 en el desnutrido) y 7.59±1.03, 9.57±1.33, 9.49±1.03, y 8.67±0.76 en los controles. Datos preoperatorios y para los días postoperatorios 1, 4, y 8 respectivamente, media ± s.c.m.). Los factores de estrés para la excreción de nitrógeno resultaron ligeramente más altos en el grupo de los pacientes desnutridos. Los datos del presente estudio muestran que el gasto energético postoperatorio de los pacientes con desnutrición crÔnica es menor que el de los controles en buen estado de nutrición. Sin embargo, las pérdidas de nitrógeno son similares en los dos grupos.
    Notes: Abstract Chronically undernourished patients (n=10) undergoing elective abdominal surgery were assessed with regard to their energy expenditure and urinary nitrogen loss. These measurements were made for 1 week after the surgery, and stress factors for each parameter were computed. The responses of the chronically undernourished patients were compared to those of relatively well nourished patients (n=10) undergoing comparable surgeries. It was found that the postoperative resting energy expenditure (REE) of the chronically undernourished patients was not significantly elevated when compared to their preoperative values (mean±SEM): 1210.66±88.13, 1354.91±86.61, 1215.09±89.68, and 1188.23±86.61 kcal/day preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 4, and 8, respectively. On the other hand, the postoperative REE of the controls was significantly elevated (p〈0.05) over their baseline values: 1357.18±70.81, 1574.66±100.35, 1502.89±109.44, and 1477.23±83.52; kcal/day, respectively, for the same days. The stress factors for the controls were higher than those for the undernourished (1.16 versus 1.12, 1.11 versus 1.00, and 1.09 versus 0.98 on postoperative days 1, 4, and 8, respectively). The urinary nitrogen excretion in both groups (for the 4 days) was not significantly elevated over baseline (6.23±0.87, 7.72±0.71, 8.36±0.87, and 8.04±1.56 grams/day in the undernourished; and 7.59±1.03, 9.57±1.33, 9.49±1.03, and 8.67±0.76 grams/day in the controls. The stress factors for nitrogen excretion were slightly higher in the undernourished group. The data from this study show that the postoperative REE of chronically undernourished subjects is lower than that of well nourished controls. The nitrogen loss, however, is similar in the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from hypocotyls of 7-d-old seedlings of three genotypes of Brassica carinata after enzymatic digestion in cellulase R-10 (0.5%) and pectolyase Y-23 (0.025%). The protoplasts were stabilized with 0.4 M mannitol used as osmoticum, and were cultured in darkness in Kao's liquid medium containing 0.4 M glucose and the growth regulators 2,4-D (1.0 mg/l), NAA (0.1 mg/l) and zeatin riboside (0.5 mg/l). Protoplasts were transferred to 16 h photoperiod conditions after 3 d of dark culture, and the medium was diluted to reduce the osmoticum on the seventh and tenth days of culture. Microcolonies were thus obtained which, upon transfer to MS agarose medium with 2,4-D (0.1 mg/l), BAP (1 mg/l) and 0.1 M sucrose, proliferated further to produce callus clumps. The plating efficiency of the three genotypes varied from 1 to 2%. Calli 2–3 mm in diameter were transferred to MS agarose plates with zeatin (2 mg/l) where they produced shoot buds and shoots with frequencies ranging from 22.5 to 74.2% for the three genotypes. The shoots were rooted in medium with IBA (1 mg/l) and were then established in soil. The time required for protoplast to plant development was 8 to 10 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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