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  • 2005-2009  (1)
  • 1960-1964  (41)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 66 (1962), S. 2442-2446 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 84 (1962), S. 3785-3786 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 84 (1962), S. 3970-3970 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 33 (1964), S. 667-728 
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 17 (1964), S. 222-228 
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The accuracy of the new SNAP index with the Bispectral index (BIS) to distinguish different states of propofol/remifentanil anaesthesia was compared in 19 female patients who were undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. Comparisons of the SNAP index, BIS, spectral edge frequency, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were performed. The ability of all parameters to distinguish between the steps of anaesthesia –awake vs. loss of response, awake vs. anaesthesia, anaesthesia vs. first reaction and anaesthesia vs. extubation – were analysed with the prediction probability. The prediction probability to differentiate between two interesting nuances of anaesthetic states –loss of response vs. first reaction – was calculated. Only the BIS showed no overlap between the investigated steps of anaesthesia. Both the SNAP index and BIS failed to differentiate the nuances of anaesthesia. The SNAP index and BIS were superior to mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate and spectral edge frequency in distinguishing between different steps of anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil and provided useful additional information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 91 (1960), S. 276-279 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß die Methode der Bromtitration nachB. Smith bei Methylsulfonylphenolen in etwas modifizierter Form gut zur Bestimmung der Zahl freier o- und p-Stellen geeignet ist. Bei Phenylsulfonylphenolen (Hydroxydiphenylsulfonen) ist dieses Verfahren nur beschränkt verwendbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 240 (1960), S. 19-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 244 (1963), S. 351-361 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The number of stimulated motor units in a nerve muscle preparation of the gastrocnemius of decerebrated or anaesthetized cats can be varied by altering the intensity of the stimuli applied to the motoric nerve or to the ventral roots. The number of fibres taking part in the stimulation in the nerve or the muscle can be measured by the integrated action potential. The evaluation (of corresponding nervous and muscular action potentials) revealed, that there is no linear relationship between the pre- and postsynaptic activity. Thus already a stimulation of less than 50–60% of the presynaptic nervous units, renders maximal postganglionic response while a stimulation of less than 10–20% of the presynaptic units, fails to elicit a postganglionic response. Therefore, the motor endplates as functional units do transform presynaptic impulses in a different way, depending on the number of nerve fibres stimulated. It can be derived from such a “principle of synaptic transformation” that the neuromuscular transmission of a submaximal stimulation, is especially liable to be affected by synaptic poisons (drugs imparing or blocking the synaptic transmission). In fact small amounts of d-tubocurarine (0,1 mg/kg i.v.) were sufficient to fully inhibit the neuromuscular transmission of submaximal stimuli. The same dose does usually not impair the response to supramaximal stimulation. The physiological stimulation does never include all nerve fibres, it is always submaximal. This fact together with the “principle of synaptic transformation“ offers an explanation for the finding, that a total paralysis of reflexes or of respiration is observed although only part of the motor endplates are rendered inactive by neuromuscular blocking agents. At the same time the response of the muscle to supramaximal electrical stimulation is not markedly diminished. In the pharmacological analysis of the action of a drug, formerly such results led to the erroneous conclusion, that the investigated drug may have a direct action on the central nervous system.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Nerv-Muskelpräparat des Gastrocnemius von betäubten oder decerebrierten Katzen läßt sich durch Variieren der Reizspannung am motorischen Nerven (oder der zugehörigen Vorderwurzeln) die Anzahl der erregten motorischen Einheiten abstufen. Als Maß für die Anzahl der jeweils erregten Nerven- und Muskelfasern kann das integrierte Aktionspotential gelten. Die Auswertung ergab, daß zwischen prä- und postsynaptischer Aktivität keine lineare Beziehung besteht. Es ist vielmehr so, daß schon die Erregung von weniger als 50–60% präsynaptischer nervöser Einheiten einen maximalen postsynaptischen Erfolg erzielt und daß die Erregung von weniger als 10–20% präsynaptischer nervöser Einheiten keinerlei postsynaptischen Erfolg mehr erkennen läßt: Als funktionelle Einheit betrachtet, transformieren also die motorischen Endplatten die präsynaptischen Impulse in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl erregter nervöser Fasern effektiv verschieden. Aus diesem „synaptischen Transformationsprinzip“ läßt sich ableiten, daß die neuromuskuläre Erregungsübertragung bei untermaximaler Erregung für Synapsengifte besonders labil sein muß. Tatsächlich kann sie schon durch geringe Dosen von d-Tubocurarin (0,1 mg/kg i.v.) völlig gehemmt werden. Die gleiche Dosis pflegt den Reizerfolg bei supramaximaler Stimulation noch nicht zu beeinträchtigen. Da die physiologische Muskelinnervation stets untermaximal ist, läßt sich mit Hilfe des „synaptischen Transformationsprinzips“ auch erklären, daß ein partieller Ausfall von motorischen Endplatten (unter der Einwirkung neuromuskulär blockierender Verbindungen oder ähnlich) eine totale Lähmung von Reflexen oder eine Lähmung der Atmung zu einem Zeitpunkt bewirken kann, zu dem der Reizerfolg am Muskel bei supramaximaler elektrischer Reizung der entsprechenden Nerven noch nicht sichtbar vermindert ist. Bei der pharmakologischen Prüfung von Pharmaka wurde früher oft aus solchen Befunden irrtümlich auf einen zentralnervösen Angriffspunkt der untersuchten Substanz geschlossen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 239 (1960), S. 158-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The respiratory failure induced by cardiac-glycosides was investigated in decerebrated rats. By simultaneous registration of the phrenic and diaphragmatic action potentials it was possible to determine whether a central or a peripheral mechanism was prevailing. Results. 1. During prolonged intoxication by intravenous infusion in decerebrated rats both k-strophanthin and digitoxin induced a distinct central respiratory depression. 2. Digitoxin and k-strophanthin react quantitatively as well as qualitatively equal. Doses from 2,0 to 3,0 mg/kg caused a decrease in central and peripheral potentials of 50 percent. 3. Acute intravenous k-strophanthin administration (1,0–2,0 mg/kg) caused a definite peripheral failure. 4. Intraarterial injection of k-Strophanthin into the common carotid artery (carotid sinus denervated) produced a transitory central depression. 5. These results were confirmed by mechanically registering the diaphragm in situ.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe gleichzeitiger Registrierung von Phrenicus- und Diaphragmaaktionspotentialen sollte die Frage untersucht werden, ob bei der Atemlähmung von Ratten durch Herzglykoside zentrale oder periphere Mechanismen im Vordergrund stehen. Es ergab sich: 1. Bei protrahierter i.v. Vergiftung mittels Dauerinfusion erfolgt an decerebrierten Ratten sowohl nach k-Strophanthin als auch nach Digitoxin eine deutliche zentrale Atemdepression. 2. Digitoxin und k-Strophanthin verhalten sich dabei qualitativ und quantitativ gleichartig. Dosen von 2,0–3,0 mg/kg führen zu einer Abnahme der zentralen und peripheren Potentiale um 50%. 3. Bei akuter i.v. Strophanthinzufuhr (1,0–2,0 mg/kg) zeigte sich eine deutliche periphere Lähmung. 4. Intraarterielle Strophanthininjektionen in die A. carotis com. führten auch bei denerviertem Carotissinus zu flüchtigen, zentralen Depressionen. 5. Die Befunde konnten am mechanisch registrierten Zwerchfellpräparat in situ bestätigt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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