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  • 2005-2009  (37)
  • 1950-1954  (37)
  • 1915-1919  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Antiarrhythmic Peptide Analog ZP123 Prevents Atrial Conduction Slowing During Metabolic Stress (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 16 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: As atrial conduction slowing is important in the pathogenesis of atrial reentry arrhythmias, a drug that increases atrial conduction or prevents atrial conduction slowing could serve to prevent atrial reentry arrhythmias. In this study, we investigated whether the novel stable antiarrhythmic peptide analog, ZP123, was able to prevent atrial conduction slowing. Methods: We examined the effect of ZP123 on metabolic stress-induced changes in conduction velocity (CV) and on dynamic CV restitution in isolated left atria from male Sprague-Dawley rats. We performed binding of ZP123 to a broad panel of 80 different cardiac and noncardiac ion channels and receptors and examined the effect of ZP123 on HERG channel conductance. Results: ZP123 dose-dependently prevented metabolic stress-induced atrial CV slowing at doses ranging from 1 nM to 10 μM. ZP123 did not affect CV during physiological conditions nor did it affect dynamic CV restitution. ZP123 had no effect on atrial contractility. ZP123 showed no or low affinity binding to all ion channels and receptors examined. ZP123 had no effects on HERG channel activity in concentrations that affected atrial conduction. The concentration of ZP123 giving maximal effect on atrial conduction (100 nM) inhibited the outward K+-current by 2.7 ± 0.1%. Conclusion: ZP123 has no effects on atrial conduction during physiological conditions, but it selectively prevents atrial conduction slowing during metabolic stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.40687.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derived Steroids. IV. 3-α-Cholesterylacetic Acid1 (1951)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 73 (1951), S. 4080-4081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a007
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Infrared Absorption Spectra of Cyclic β-Ketoesters (1952)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 74 (1952), S. 4070-4073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01136a029
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Acetic Acid Carbon in High Fatty Acids Synthesized from Acetic Acid by the Intact Mouse (1953)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 75 (1953), S. 2347-2351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01106a017
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocannabinoid metabolism in human glioblastomas and meningiomas compared to human non-tumour brain tissue (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 93 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The endogenous levels of the two cannabinoid receptor ligands 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and anandamide, and their respective congeners, monoacyl glycerols and N-acylethanolamines, as well as the phospholipid precursors of N-acylethanolamines, were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in glioblastoma (WHO grade IV) tissue and meningioma (WHO grade I) tissue and compared with human non-tumour brain tissue. Furthermore, the metabolic turnover of N-acylethanolamines was compared by measurements of the enzymatic activity of N-acyltransferase, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolysing phospholipase D and fatty acid amide hydrolase in the same three types of tissue. Glioblastomas were characterized by enhanced levels of N-acylethanolamines (eightfold, 128 ± 59 pmol/μmol lipid phosphorus) including anandamide (17-fold, 4.6 ± 3.1pmol/μmol lipid phosphorus) and several species of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (three to eightfold). This was accompanied by a more than 60% reduction in the enzyme activities of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolysing phospholipase D and fatty acid amide hydrolase. By contrast, meningiomas were characterized by a massively enhanced level of 2-monoacyl glycerols (20-fold, 2293 ± 361 pmol/μmol lipid phosphorus) including 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (20-fold, 1524 ± 361 pmol/μmol lipid phosphorus). This was accompanied by an enhanced in vitro conversion of phosphatidylcholine to monoacyl glycerol (fivefold). The enhanced level of the 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines detected in the two types of tumour tissue may possibly act as endogenous anti-tumour mediators by stimulation of both cannabinoid and non-cannabinoid receptor-mediated mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03013.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLIZATION OF 2-AMINOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES. II. THE REACTION OF SUBSTITUTED 2-AMINOPYRIDINES WITH ETHYL MALONATE1 (1950)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 15 (1950), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo01148a023
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denmark as an International Actor 706-2006 (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    World Political Science Review 2.2006, 3, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1935-6226
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: During its long history, Denmark was able to pursue dominant foreign policy in her historical great power roles, while balancing normally was linked with her roles as a medium power. Until the 17th century, a policy of moderate dominance was the prevailing foreign policy mode, to be followed by a balancing mode, which lasted till 1864. The stunning defeat in that war reduced Danish option to a difficult choice between acquiescence and quiescence. Both are typical small state postures because of the lack of influence, but they differ on the sensitivity variable. The sensitive small state must adapt actively or passively to outside pressures, while the less sensitive small state may succeed in dodging situations where acquiescent adaptation would be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/wpsr/vol2/iss3/art2
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    History-Adjusted Marginal Structural Models and Statically-Optimal Dynamic Treatment Regimens (2005)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @international journal of biostatistics 1 (2005), S. 4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1557-4679
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Notes: Marginal structural models (MSM) provide a powerful tool for estimating the causal effect of a treatment. These models, introduced by Robins, model the marginal distributions of treatment-specific counterfactual outcomes, possibly conditional on a subset of the baseline covariates. Marginal structural models are particularly useful in the context of longitudinal data structures, in which each subject's treatment and covariate history are measured over time, and an outcome is recorded at a final time point. However, the utility of these models for some applications has been limited by their inability to incorporate modification of the causal effect of treatment by time-varying covariates. Particularly in the context of clinical decision making, such time-varying effect modifiers are often of considerable or even primary interest, as they are used in practice to guide treatment decisions for an individual. In this article we propose a generalization of marginal structural models, which we call history-adjusted marginal structural models (HA-MSM). These models allow estimation of adjusted causal effects of treatment, given the observed past, and are therefore more suitable for making treatment decisions at the individual level and for identification of time-dependent effect modifiers. Specifically, a HA-MSM models the conditional distribution of treatment-specific counterfactual outcomes, conditional on the whole or a subset of the observed past up till a time-point, simultaneously for all time-points. Double robust inverse probability of treatment weighted estimators have been developed and studied in detail for standard MSM. We extend these results by proposing a class of double robust inverse probability of treatment weighted estimators for the unknown parameters of the HA-MSM. In addition, we show that HA-MSM provide a natural approach to identifying the dynamic treatment regimen which follows, at each time-point, the history-adjusted (up till the most recent time point) optimal static treatment regimen. We illustrate our results using an example drawn from the treatment of HIV infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijb/vol1/iss1/4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Super Learning: An Application to the Prediction of HIV-1 Drug Resistance (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology 6.2007, 1, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1544-6115
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Many alternative data-adaptive algorithms can be used to learn a predictor based on observed data. Examples of such learners include decision trees, neural networks, support vector regression, least angle regression, logic regression, and the Deletion/Substitution/Addition algorithm. The optimal learner for prediction will vary depending on the underlying data-generating distribution. In this article we introduce the "super learner", a prediction algorithm that applies any set of candidate learners and uses cross-validation to select between them. Theory shows that asymptotically the super learner performs essentially as well as or better than any of the candidate learners. In this article we present the theory behind the super learner, and illustrate its performance using simulations. We further apply the super learner to a data example, in which we predict the phenotypic antiretroviral susceptibility of HIV based on viral genotype. Specifically, we apply the super learner to predict susceptibility to a specific protease inhibitor, nelfinavir, using a set of database-derived non-polymorphic treatment-selected mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/sagmb/vol6/iss1/art7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Causal Effect Models for Realistic Individualized Treatment and Intention to Treat Rules (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @international journal of biostatistics 3 (2007), S. 3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1557-4679
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Notes: Marginal structural models (MSM) are an important class of models in causal inference. Given a longitudinal data structure observed on a sample of n independent and identically distributed experimental units, MSM model the counterfactual outcome distribution corresponding with a static treatment intervention, conditional on user-supplied baseline covariates. Identification of a static treatment regimen-specific outcome distribution based on observational data requires, beyond the standard sequential randomization assumption, the assumption that each experimental unit has positive probability of following the static treatment regimen. The latter assumption is called the experimental treatment assignment (ETA) assumption, and is parameter-specific. In many studies the ETA is violated because some of the static treatment interventions to be compared cannot be followed by all experimental units, due either to baseline characteristics or to the occurrence of certain events over time. For example, the development of adverse effects or contraindications can force a subject to stop an assigned treatment regimen.In this article we propose causal effect models for a user-supplied set of realistic individualized treatment rules. Realistic individualized treatment rules are defined as treatment rules which always map into the set of possible treatment options. Thus, causal effect models for realistic treatment rules do not rely on the ETA assumption and are fully identifiable from the data. Further, these models can be chosen to generalize marginal structural models for static treatment interventions. The estimating function methodology of Robins and Rotnitzky (1992) (analogue to its application in Murphy, et. al. (2001) for a single treatment rule) provides us with the corresponding locally efficient double robust inverse probability of treatment weighted estimator. In addition, we define causal effect models for "intention-to-treat" regimens. The proposed intention-to-treat interventions enforce a static intervention until the time point at which the next treatment does not belong to the set of possible treatment options, at which point the intervention is stopped. We provide locally efficient estimators of such intention-to-treat causal effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijb/vol3/iss1/3
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