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  • 2005-2009  (12)
  • 1945-1949  (4)
  • 1940-1944  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Organic–inorganic ultraviolet (UV) active hybrid materials have been prepared by a sol-gel process from benzophenone derivatives and tetraethylorthosilicate. The silica particles are spherical in shape and have a narrow size distribution which remains unchanged up to organic chromophore concentrations of 0.2 mmol g−1. At higher concentrations the spheres become less regular and fuse. A dependence of the material absorption properties on the particle size (at the same organic chromophore concentration) and on the concentration of surface grafted chromophores was noted. The most effective UV filter materials were found in a combination of silica incorporated chromophores and surface grafted chromophores at an overall low chromophore concentration. A comparison of the photostability of chromophores at standardized UV irradiation revealed an increase in stability for silica incorporated and surface immobilized benzophenone compared to benzophenone in a homogeneous solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Kyklos 58 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6435
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Both the economic theory of federalism and international environmental economics are interested in finding conditions under which countries or groups of countries would like to start cooperation with other countries. In the framework of the standard public-good model this paper presents a criterion for individually rational and thus voluntary international cooperation aiming at the provision of an international public good. This basic criterion can be traced back to Wicksell and Rawls and reflects the idea of reciprocity. In a further step, it is used to specify determinants that affect the decision of a group of countries to enter a coalition. It turns out that in this context the adjustment behavior of the original coalition members as well as that of the remaining outsiders is of particular importance. Finally the theoretical considerations are confronted with actual behavior of countries and groups of countries (as the EU, US and the developing countries) in the Kyoto process leading to a discussion of further prospects for global climate-change policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 28 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, the rather complex three-dimensional (3D) fatigue crack growth behaviour in a single-edge notched (SEN) specimen with an inclined plane of the initial crack under torsion loading is investigated with the aid of ADAPCRACK3D programme and by application of a recently developed 3D fracture criterion. It will be shown that the computationally simulated results for fatigue crack growth in the FE model of the specimen are in good agreement with experimental findings for the development of spatially twisted and warped crack faces in the real laboratory test specimen. Consequently, also for this case with a rather complex 3D crack growth behaviour, the functionality of the ADAPCRACK3D programme and the validity of the proposed 3D fracture criterion can be stated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 437 (2005), S. 333-334 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Establishing the age at death of individuals is an important step in their identification and can be done with high precision up to adolescence by analysis of dentition, but it is more difficult in adults. Here we show that the amount of radiocarbon present in tooth enamel as a result of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 124 (1948), S. 196-218 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Arbeit werden zunächst die Reihen- und Integraldarstellungen für die stehenden und fortschreitenden tesseralen Kugelwellen in den Koordinaten des Rotationsparaboloids aufgestellt, wenn sich die Quelle im Brennpunkt des Paraboloids befindet. Als Spezialfälle erscheinen dabei die entsprechenden Darstellungen für die zonalen und sektoriellen Kugelwellen sowie für die ebene Welle und die gewöhnliche Kugelwelle. Außerdem wird noch die Integraldarstellung für die stehende und fortschreitende Kugelwelle im gewöhnlichen Sinne hergeleitet, wenn das Erregungszentrum wie im allgemeinen Falle eine ganz beliebige Lage zum parabolischen Bezugssystem hat. Als Ausgangsdarstellung dient in allen Fällen die seit langem bekannte Reihenentwicklung für die rotierende Zylinderwelle. Das mathematische Rüstzeug bildet die Funktionentheorie und die Kenntnis der asymptotischen Entwicklungen der beiden konfluenten hypergeometrischen Funktionen bei unbegrenzt anwachsendem ersten Parameter (Index). Die hergeleiteten Beziehungen schaffen die Grundlage für die exakte Behandlung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung in einem Parabolspiegel mit vollkommen leitenden Wänden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 348-349 (Sept. 2007), p. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper the rather complex 3D fatigue crack growth behaviour in a shaft with aquarter-circular crack under torsion is investigated by the aid of the programme ADAPCRACK3Dand by application of a recently developed 3D fracture criterion. It will be shown that thecomputationally simulated results of fatigue crack growth in the FE-model of the shaft are in goodagreement with experimental findings for the development of two anti-symmetric cracks, whichoriginate from the two crack front corner points, that is where the crack front intersects the freesurface of the cylindrical laboratory test-specimens. Consequently, also for this case with a rathercomplex 3D crack growth of two anti-symmetric cracks, the functionality of the ADAPCRACK3Dprogrammeand the validity of the proposed 3D fracture criterion can be stated
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 348-349 (Sept. 2007), p. 129-132 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper detailed results of computational 3D fatigue crack growth simulations willbe presented. The simulations for the crack path assessment are based on the DBEM code BEASY,and the FEM code ADAPCRACK 3D. The specimen under investigation is a SEN-specimensubject to pure anti-plane or out-of-plane four-point shear loading. The computational 3D fractureanalyses deliver variable mixed mode II and III conditions along the crack front. Special interest istaken in this mode coupling effect to be found in stress intensity factor (SIF) results along the crackfront. Further interest is taken in a 3D effect which is effective in particular at and adjacent to thetwo crack front corner points, that is where the crack front intersects the two free side surfaces ofthe specimen. Exactly at these crack front corner points fatigue crack growth initiates in theexperimental laboratory test specimens, and develops into two separate anti-symmetric cracks withcomplex shapes, somehow similar to bird wings. The computational DBEM results are found to bein good agreement with these experimental findings and with FEM results previously obtained.Consequently, also for this new case, with complex 3D crack growth behaviour of two cracks, thefunctionality of the proposed DBEM and FEM approaches can be stated
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 22 (1943), S. 752-759 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 33-37 (Mar. 2008), p. 55-60 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper the rather complex 3D fatigue crack growth behaviour in a SEN-specimensunder anti-plane shear or torsion loading is investigated by the aid of the programmeADAPCRACK3D and by application of a recently developed 3D fracture criterion. It will be shownthat the computationally simulated results of fatigue crack growth in the FE-models of thespecimens are in good agreement with experimental findings for the development of two antisymmetriccracks, which originate from the two crack front corner points, that is where the crackfront intersects the free surfaces of the laboratory SEN test-specimens. Consequently, also for thesecases with a rather complex 3D crack growth of two anti-symmetric cracks, the functionality of theADAPCRACK3D-programme and the validity of the proposed 3D fracture criterion can be stated
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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