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  • 2005-2009  (25)
  • 1920-1924  (5)
  • 1905-1909  (26)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Distributional Shape of Substance Parameters on Exposure Model Output (2005)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 25 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Uncertainty of environmental concentrations is calculated with the regional multimedia exposure model of EUSES 1.0 by considering probability input distributions for aqueous solubility, vapor pressure, and octanol-water partition coefficient, Kow. Only reliable experimentally determined data are selected from available literature for eight reference chemicals representing a wide substance property spectrum. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with uniform, triangular, and log-normal input distributions to assess the influence of the choice of input distribution type on the predicted concentration distributions. The impact of input distribution shapes on output variance exceeds the effect on the output mean by one order of magnitude. Both are affected by influence and uncertainty (i.e., variance) of the input variable as well. Distributional shape has no influence when the sensitivity function of the respective parameter is perfectly linear. For nonlinear relationships, overlap of probability mass of input distribution with influential ranges of the parameter space is important. Differences in computed output distribution are greatest when input distributions differ in the most influential parameter range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00669.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Esters in Imitation Flavoring Extracts (1922)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 14 (1922), S. 324-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50148a030
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The predictive value of the skin prick test weal size for the outcome of oral food challenges (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The skin prick test (SPT) is regarded as an important diagnostic measure in the diagnostic work-up of food allergy.Objective To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of the SPT in predicting the outcome of oral food challenges, and to determine decision points for the weal size and the skin index (SI) that could render double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges unnecessary.Methods In 385 children (median age 22 months), 735 controlled oral challenges were performed with cow's milk (CM), hen's egg (HE), wheat and soy. Three hundred and thirty-six of 385 (87%) children suffered from atopic dermatitis. SPT was performed in all children. Diagnostic capacity, receiver–operator characteristics (ROC) curves and predictive decision points were calculated for the mean weal size and the calculated SI.Results Three hundred and twelve of 735 (43%) oral food challenges were assessed to be positive. Calculation of 95% and 99% predicted probabilities using logistic regression revealed predictive decision points of 13.0 and 17.8 mm for HE, and 12.5 and 17.3 mm for CM, respectively. However, using the SI, the corresponding cut-off levels were 2.6 and 3.7, respectively, for HE, and 2.7 and 3.7 for CM. For wheat, 95% and 99% decision points of 2.2 and 3.0 were found in children below 1 year of age.Conclusion Predictive decision points for a positive outcome of food challenges can be calculated for HE and CM using weal size and SI. They may help to avoid oral food challenges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.2324.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The predictive value of specific immunoglobulin E levels in serum for the outcome of oral food challenges (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Specific serum IgE is considered as one of the important diagnostic measures in the diagnostic work-up of food allergy.Objective To evaluate the role of specific serum IgE in predicting the outcome of oral food challenges, and to determine threshold concentrations of specific serum IgE that could render double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges unnecessary.Methods In 501 children (median age 13 months), 992 controlled oral challenges were performed with cow's milk (CM), hen's egg (HE), wheat and soy. 440/501 (88%) children suffered from atopic dermatitis. For all children, specific IgE concentrations in serum were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operator characteristics-curves as well as predictive decision points were calculated.Results Four hundred and forty-five out of 992 oral food challenges with allergens were assessed as positive. Sensitivity of specific serum IgE was 97% for HE, 83% for CM, 69% for soy, and 79% for wheat. Specificity was 51% for HE, 53% for CM, 50% for soy, and 38% for wheat. Calculating 90%, 95% and 99% predicted probabilities using logistic regression revealed predictive decision points of 6.3, 12.6, and 59.2 kU/L for HE, respectively. Subdividing our children in those of below or above 1 year of age resulted in a markedly different predicted probability for HE. For CM, only the 90% predicted probability (88.8 kU/L) could be calculated. No decision points could be determined for CM, wheat and soy.Conclusion In general, specific serum IgE levels showed a correlation with the outcome of positive oral food challenges for CM and HE. Meaningful predictive decision points can be calculated for HE, which may help to avoid oral food challenges in some cases. However, data need to be ascertained for each allergen separately. Furthermore, the age of the patient population under investigation must also be taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02150.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinal biosynthesis in Eubacteria: in vitro characterization of a novel carotenoid oxygenase from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 55 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Retinal and its derivatives represent essential compounds in many biological systems. In animals, they are synthesized through a symmetrical cleavage of β-carotene catalysed by a monooxygenase. Here, we demonstrate that the open reading frame sll1541 from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 encodes the first eubacterial, retinal synthesizing enzyme (Diox1) thus far reported. In contrast to enzymes from animals, Diox1 converts β-apo-carotenals instead of β-carotene into retinal in vitro. The identity of the enzymatic product was proven by HPLC, GC-MS and in a biological test. Investigations, of the stereospecifity showed that Diox1 cleaved only the all-trans form of β-apo-8′-carotenal, yielding all-trans-retinal. However, Diox1 exhibited wide substrate specificity with respect to chain-lengths and functional end-groups. Although with divergent Km and Vmax values, the enzyme converted β-apo-carotenals, (3R)-3-OH-β-apo-carotenals as well as apo-lycopenals into retinal, (3R)-3-hydroxy-retinal and acycloretinal respectively. In addition, the alcohols of these substrates were cleaved to yield the corresponding retinal derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04460.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenetic induced shifts in the ecology of sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus during early development (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using the non-native sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus as a model, the relationship between ontogeny and ecology was studied with a view to identifying specific morphological and physiological processes involved in influencing ecological niche shifts. Following a predefined saltatory model for the early ontogeny of sunbleak, field studies examined the temporal use of microhabitat, diet and morphological changes throughout early development. Following a dramatic shift in both morphology and ecology between the free embryo phase and the larval period, habitat use and diet showed little change during the larval period, with habitat use confined to marginal, vegetated areas and prey items associated with these habitats well represented in the diet. During the final larval step (L5), transition to the juvenile period resulted in the stabilization of relative growth, acquisition of the adult morphotype and was associated with a clear shift in diet and habitat use. During this period, sunbleak moved for the first time into open, deeper water, away from the banks, and utilized a similar range of food items to the adults. Specific relationships between form and function are further discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00917.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic modelling of gastric evacuation in predatory gadoids applying the square root model to describe surface-dependent evacuation (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A new model approach to gastric evacuation in predatory fishes was shown to give accurate and reliable estimates of evacuation. It is believed that such a model would prove particularly useful in understanding predator-prey interactions in natural systems. The model is a simple, geometric abstraction of the square root model predicting that evacuation time is proportional to the square root of meal size in accordance with extensive empirical evidence. Digestive processes are assumed to be restricted to an outer surface of total stomach content that is represented by the curved side of a cylinder. This way, total stomach content is considered a cylinder of constant length the mass of which is gradually reduced by successive peeling off its side leaving the ends unaffected. The fundamental rate δ describes mean thickness of the layer that is peeled off the cylinder per time unit. In the model, δ is constant independent of cylinder thickness but inversely proportional to the square root of cylinder length. Anatomical and dynamic characteristics of the stomach render this formulation of δ plausible. Using mean evacuation rate over time during evacuation of a meal, the model disregards prey heterogeneities that influence instantaneous evacuation rate. Relationships between prey heterogeneities and evacuation patterns were indicated by application of a general power model to evacuation data, and it was suggested how the effects of prey characteristics might be incorporated into the square root model to produce a generic model of gastric evacuation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00834.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A potential role for invasive sunbleak in the further dissemination of a non-native parasite (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Since its first introduction to English waters in the mid 1980s, sunbleak Leucaspius delineatus has spread widely and it is shown in the present study that this non-native cyprinid is a new host for Neoergasilus japonicus. This copepod parasite from South East Asia has a limited host range and distribution in the U.K. Rapid dispersal of sunbleak in the U.K. raises concerns for further dispersal of this introduced parasite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00859.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric evacuation of mixed stomach contents in predatory gadoids: an expanded application of the square root model to estimate food rations (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A mechanistic gastric evacuation model of mixed stomach contents was established. Its simple generic nature should prove useful for studying predator-prey interactions in fish communities. Only prey lengths were required as additional input. Surface dependent digestive processes were considered to act on equal fractions of individual prey-cylinder surfaces. Primary and interactive effects of size, energy density and resistance to digestion of individual prey in a stomach were described by the model. Model predictions of results from experiments on gastric evacuation of meals composed of different prey types demonstrated the capability of this model, as opposed to previously applied model principles, to predict evacuation of mixed stomach contents involving the three above-mentioned prey characteristics. The study furthermore illustrated that estimates of food ration might be severely biased by using improperly formulated effects of prey characters on gastric evacuation, and demonstrated that the new model holds the potential to predict food ration and diet composition for wild populations of predatory fishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00835.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utility of the ratio of food-specific IgE/total IgE in predicting symptomatic food allergy in children (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges are time-consuming, expensive and not without risk to patients. Therefore, an in vitro test that could accurately diagnose food allergy would be of great value.Objective:  To evaluate the utility of the ratio of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)/total IgE compared with specific IgE (sIgE) alone in predicting symptomatic food allergy.Methods:  We retrospectively analysed 992 controlled oral food challenges performed in 501 children (median age 13 months). The ratio of sIgE/total IgE was calculated and tested for correlation with the outcome of food challenges. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC)-curves were performed; predicted probabilities and predictive decision points were calculated.Results:  A significant correlation was found between the ratio and the outcome of food challenges for cow's milk (CM), hen's egg (HE), and wheat, but not for soy. The ROC and predicted probability curves as well as sensitivity and specificity of the decision points of the ratio were similar to those of sIgE levels for CM, HE and wheat.Conclusion:  In view of the greater effort needed to determine the ratio, without benefit compared with the sIgE alone, the calculation of the ratio of sIgE/total IgE for diagnosing symptomatic food allergy offers no advantage for CM, HE, wheat or soy. For the majority of cases controlled oral food challenges still remain the method of choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00806.x
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