Library

Notes: Purpose - Market orientation analyses have focused on two broad-ranging approaches: the behavioural and the philosophical. The concepts of innovation and market orientation are gaining ground steadily in the context of an increasingly competitive and highly volatile environment, subject to the pressures of rapid-changing customer needs and desires. This premise underlies the general aim of this study, which is to determine to what extent companies operating in the same sector and with similar market orientation are similarly concerned about innovation. Design/methodology/approach - The population for this study comprises the leading 465 textile companies operating in Spain, listed in the ARDAN database. Data were gathered from in-depth personalised interviews with 17 company directors operating within the textile sector. In order to verify the hypotheses, groups with similar market orientation were identified using a combination of two techniques: multidimensional scaling analysis; and cluster analysis. After this, ANOVA was used to characterise each group. Findings - This study of the textile sector, and more specifically of its leading companies, enables one to conclude that market orientation and innovation are not isolated fields. First, four groups of firms which differ significantly in their commitment to market orientation have been found. Second, although a direct relationship between market orientation and innovation could not be statistically proved, some tools and policies considered in the innovation scale are more heavily used by the firms more orientated to the market. Third, in the context of the traditional debate in the literature about the market orientation-performance relationship, the results of this study support a positive relationship between these two concepts. Research limitations/implications - The limitation of the sample size should lead one to treat the final results with caution. Originality/value - The concepts of innovation and market orientation are gaining ground steadily in the context of an increasingly competitive and highly volatile environment, subject to the pressures of rapidly-changing customer needs and desires. In this sense, through this paper companies can observe how these two concepts are related in a particular industry and obtain some interesting implications.

Notes: Background:  Basophils of some individuals do not release histamine upon activation of their high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor (FcRI), but do so if this receptor is circumvented for cell activation. This so-called nonresponder phenomenon is clinically relevant, because in various studies atopy was less frequent or absent in nonresponder individuals. So far, it is unknown if this phenomenon is acquired during adulthood or exists from birth on.Methods:  Histamine release was determined from isolated leucocytes stimulated with anti-IgE or calciumionophor. Also, random primed cDNA was synthesized and the open reading frame (ORF) of the FcRI β-subunit amplified and sequenced.Results:  In the first part of our study, we examined the role of atopic status, type of atopy, and age in a random population of 95 children of whom we found 22% to be nonresponder. None of these parameters correlated with the nonresponder status. Except for food allergy, no specific type of atopy correlated with histamine release. The mechanism underlying the nonresponder phenomenon is assumed to occur early in the signalling cascade. We hypothesized that mutations in the FcRI β-chain may be associated with the nonresponder status, and in the second part of our study sequenced the β-subunit in 20 responders and 20 nonresponders. Two conservative and two nonconservative heterozygous one base mutations (Thr179Thr, Asp216Asp, Ile147Leu and Glu237Gly) were found in two nonresponders and one responder. Three of these mutations have not been described so far.Conclusion:  The nonresponder phenomenon is present from birth on and genetically determined. In our population, it was not associated with age or the presence of atopy, and appeared not to be caused by mutations in the FcRI β-chain.