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  • 2005-2009  (17)
  • 1900-1904  (4)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurone glial-related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) is a member of the L1 family of transmembrane cell adhesion receptors which are involved in the development and function of the mammalian nervous system. How these receptors interact with intracellular signalling pathways is not understood. To date the only identified binding partner to the cytoplasmic terminus of NrCAM is ankyrin G. We screened a developing rat brain cDNA yeast two-hybrid library with the cytoplasmic domain of NrCAM to identify further intracellular binding partners. We identified synapse associated protein 102 (SAP102) as a new binding partner for NrCAM. The interaction was confirmed biochemically using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pull-down and tandem affinity purification, and also immunocytochemically as NrCAM and SAP102 co-localized in COS-7 and cerebellar granule cells. Binding was specific to NrCAM as neither neurofascin nor L1 bound SAP102, and this interaction was reliant on the last three amino acids of NrCAM. Additionally, NrCAM constructs whose last three amino acids had been deleted appeared to have a dominant negative effect on neurite extension of cerebellar granule cells. This is the first interaction reported for NrCAM, and its association with SAP102 suggests that it is part of a larger complex which can interact with many different signalling pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1553-3840
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Natural health products containing Echinacea have been used by many patient populations and although there are reports of adverse effects with products containing Echinacea, few clearly characterized the nature of the product with respect to constituent content, the nature of the products and the mechanism underlying the interaction. The objective of this study was to examine blended and single-entity Echinacea products containing ground plant material or extracts in commercial capsules, herbal teas, tablets, tinctures and soft gel liquid-filled capsule formulations in an attempt to correlate biomarker constituent content and effects on cellular and subcellular parameters of interest. HPLC analysis indicated significant variability in the major biomarker constituent content in extracts from these Echinacea products. These extracts were also examined for their potential to affect cytochrome P450 CYP1A1/2, 2C9*1, 2C9*2, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, 3A5, 3A7, and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3); CYP3A5-mediated metabolism, and expression of CYP3A4 and ABCB1. The extracts of some products were also examined for their effect cellular processes such as cell proliferation, nitric oxide formation as a marker of immunostimulatory capacity, and lactate dehydrogenase release as a marker for cell toxicity. The present study indicated that key Echinacea constituents varied widely within and between the products tested and that these levels did not correlate with the ability of these products to markedly affect the cellular processes studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 46 (2006), S. 41-64 
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Most xenobiotics that enter the body are subjected to metabolism that functions primarily to facilitate their elimination. Metabolism of certain xenobiotics can also result in the production of electrophilic derivatives that can cause cell toxicity and transformation. Many xenobiotics can also activate receptors that in turn induce the expression of genes encoding xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and xenobiotic transporters. However, there are marked species differences in the way mammals respond to xenobiotics, which are due in large part to molecular differences in receptors and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. This presents a problem in extrapolating data obtained with rodent model systems to humans. There are also polymorphisms in xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that can impact drug therapy and cancer susceptibility. In an effort to generate more reliable in vivo systems to study and predict human response to xenobiotics, humanized mice are under development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 100 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 57 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The S box transcription termination control system regulates expression of genes involved in methionine metabolism. Expression of the S box regulon, comprised of 11 transcriptional units in Bacillus subtilis, is induced in response to starvation for methionine. We previously demonstrated that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is the molecular effector sensed by the S box leader RNAs during transcription. A secondary structure model for S box leader RNAs was developed based on conservation of primary sequence elements and sequence covariation in helical domains. Covariation of nucleotides in two distantly spaced unpaired regions in the S box leader RNAs suggested that these two domains might interact in the RNA tertiary structure. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis of the covarying residues in two B. subtilis S box leader sequences was employed to test the hypothesis that base-pairing between these regions may be important. The effect of these mutations on in vivo expression, transcription termination in vitro, SAM binding, and leader RNA structure strongly supported the model that interaction between these two regions plays a key role in S box leader function. This provides the first insight into the three-dimensional arrangement of structural elements within the S box RNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @TQM magazine 17 (2005), S. 85-91 
    ISSN: 0954-478X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - Two studies examined the relationship between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction in two service organizations. Design/methodology/approach - Employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction data were gathered separately and aggregated to branch or store level measures. Findings - The data indicated generally positive and statistically significant relationships between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction. Customers reported greater service satisfaction with branches or stores whose employees indicated higher levels of work and employees' satisfaction. Originality/value - Implications for the delivery of high quality customer service are offered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of risk finance 6 (2005), S. 208-225 
    ISSN: 1526-5943
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purpose - This paper seeks to discuss a modeling tool for explaining credit-risk contagion in credit portfolios. Design/methodology/approach - Presents a "collective risk" model that models the credit risk of a portfolio, an approach typical of insurance mathematics. Findings - ACD models are self-exciting point processes that offer a good representation of cascading phenomena due to bankruptcies. In other words, they model how a credit event might trigger other credit events. The model herein discussed is proposed as a robust global model of the aggregate loss of a credit portfolio; only a small number of parameters are required to estimate aggregate loss. Originality/value - Discusses a modeling tool for explaining credit-risk contagion in credit portfolios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Humans experiencing intermittent hypoxia (IH) owing to recurrent apnoea syndromes exhibit serious cardiovascular morbidity, including high blood pressure, increased sympathetic nerve activity, cardiac arrhythmia and myocardial infarction. Although apnoeas are accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in arterial O2 (hypoxia) and an increase in CO2 (hypercapnia), studies on experimental animals suggest that hypoxia, rather than hypercapnia, is the primary stimulus for developing hypertension and enhanced sympathetic nerve activity. Enhanced hypoxic-sensing ability of the carotid bodies and the ensuing reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system have been suggested to play a critical role in cardiorespiratory alterations resulting from recurrent apnoeas.2. The purpose of the present review is to highlight recent studies demonstrating the effects of IH on carotid body sensory activity and its consequences on sympathetic activation in a rodent model of chronic IH. Adult rats exposed to chronic IH (15 s of 5% O2 followed by 5 min of 21% O2, nine episodes per h, 8 h/day for 10 days) exhibited selective enhancement of carotid body sensory response to hypoxia. In addition, chronic IH induced a novel form of sensory plasticity in the carotid body, manifested as sensory long-term facilitation (LTF). Functional changes in the carotid body occurred in the absence of morphological changes in the chemoreceptor tissue.3. Acute hypoxia increased expiratory modulated splanchnic nerve activity (SNA) and acute IH-induced LTF in SNA. Hypoxia-induced SNA activation was prevented by bilateral sectioning of the sinus nerves. Rats exposed to chronic IH exhibited enhanced hypoxia-induced sympathetic activation and augmented LTF of the SNA. Bilateral sectioning of the sinus nerves abolished these responses, suggesting chronic IH-induced alterations in carotid body sensitivity contribute to LTF in SNA and the subsequent cardiovascular alterations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Hearts from α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs (GalT-KO, n = 8) were transplanted heterotopically into baboons using an anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody–based regimen. The elimination of the galactose-α1,3-galactose epitope prevented hyperacute rejection and extended survival ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 37 (2005), S. 549-554 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Oligonucleotide probe arrays have enabled massively parallel analysis of gene expression levels from a single cDNA sample. Application of microarray technology to analyzing genomic DNA has been stymied by the sequence complexity of the entire human genome. A robust, single base–resolution ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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