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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 21 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Oligofructose is metabolized by bifidobacteria, increasing their numbers in the colon. High bifidobacteria concentrations are important in providing ‘colonization resistance’ against pathogenic bacteria.Aim : To reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in elderly patients.Methods : Patients over the age of 65 taking broad-spectrum antibiotics received either oligofructose or placebo. A baseline stool sample was cultured for Clostridium difficile and tested for C. difficile toxin. A further stool sample was analysed for C. difficile if diarrhoea developed.Results : No difference was seen in the baseline characteristics, incidence of diarrhoea, C. difficile infection or hospital stay between the two groups (n = 435). Oligofructose increased bifidobacterial concentrations (P 〈 0.001, 95% CI: 0.69–1.72). A total of 116 (27%) patients developed diarrhoea of which 49 (11%) were C. difficile-positive and were more likely to be taking a cephalosporin (P = 0.006), be female (P 〈 0.001), to have lost more weight (P 〈 0.001, 95% CI: 0.99–2.00) and stayed longer in hospital (P 〈 0.001, 95% CI: 0.10–1.40). Amoxicillin (amoxycillin) and clavulanic acid increased diarrhoea not caused by C. difficile (P = 0.006).Conclusion : Oligofructose does not protect elderly patients receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics from antibiotic-associated diarrhoea whether caused by C. difficile or not. Oligofructose was well-tolerated and increased faecal bifidobacterial concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1527-3458
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nociceptin/orphanin FQ modulates various biological functions at central and peripheral levels by selectively activating a G-protein coupled receptor named N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor. For extending our knowledge on the biological roles of the N/OFQ - NOP receptor system the identification of selective NOP ligands, especially antagonists, is mandatory. [Nphe1, Arg14, Lys15] N/OFQ-NH2 (UFP-101) is a novel NOP ligand that was designed by combining, in the same molecule, the [Nphe1] chemical modification which eliminates efficacy and the [Arg14, Lys15] substitution which increases ligand potency and duration of action in vivo. In the present article, we summarize the pharmacological features of UFP-101 as determined in a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Moreover, some biological actions and possible therapeutic indications of NOP ligands are discussed on the basis of results obtained with UFP-101. Data obtained with this compound were compared with those generated using other NOP antagonists, especially J-113397 and [Nphe1]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH2, receptor or peptide knockout mice and other pharmacological tools useful for blocking N/OFQ – NOP receptor signaling.The analysis of the available data demonstrates that UFP-101 is a useful pharmacological tool for the investigation of the central and peripheral biological functions regulated by the N/OFQ – NOP receptor system and for defining the therapeutic potential of NOP receptor ligands
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Extremely intense and ultrafast X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers offer unique opportunities to study fundamental aspects of complex transient phenomena in materials. Ultrafast time-resolved methods usually require highly synchronized pulses to initiate a transition and then probe it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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