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  • 2005-2009  (4)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The site and distribution of inflammation in the airways of asthmatic patients has been largely investigated. Inflammatory cells are distributed in both large and small airways in asthma. It has been demonstrated that distal lung inflammation in asthma may significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. The upper airways have also been implicated in the overall asthmatic inflammation. Although it is now accepted that lung inflammation is not restricted to the intrapulmonary airways in asthma, little is known about cell distribution in the other lung compartments and their relation to the intrapulmonary airways.Objective We aimed to map the inflammatory process in fatal asthma (FA), from the upper airways to the lung parenchyma.Methods Eosinophil, neutrophil, mast cell and lymphocyte content were determined in nasal mucosa, the trachea, intrapulmonary airways and parenchyma (peribronchiolar and distal) of 20 patients with FA and 10 controls.Results Eosinophil content was higher in all studied areas in FA compared with controls (P〈0.02). Mast cell content was higher in the outer area of larger airways, small membranous bronchioles and in peribronchiolar parenchyma of FA compared with controls (P〈0.04). CD3+, CD4+and CD20+cells showed increased content in FA intrapulmonary airways compared with controls (P〈0.05). There was a positive correlation between CD4+cell content in nasal mucosa and larger airways in asthmatics. Increased neutrophil content was observed only in peribronchiolar parenchyma of FA (P=0.028).Conclusion Eosinophils present a widespread distribution within the respiratory tract in FA, from the nasal mucosa to the distal lung. The outer wall of small membranous bronchioles is the main site of inflammatory changes in FA. There is a localized distribution of alveolar inflammation at the peribronchiolar region for mast cells and neutrophils. Our findings provide further evidence of the importance of the lung periphery in the pathophysiology of FA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 534-536 (Jan. 2007), p. 705-708 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Mn-containing master alloy (MA) has been specially designed, throughthermodynamic and metallurgical criteria, for obtaining high performance low alloy PM steels bySPSS or DPDS. This MA exhibits improved characteristics with respect to ferromanganese andother Mn carriers for alloying PM steels preventing oxidation, keeping a high compressibility of thepowder mixture and providing opportunities for low temperature processing. The improvedsinterability through the formation of a transient liquid phase leads to dimensional stability and highreproducibility of mechanical properties after sintering at 1120ºC. The microstructural developmentof the PM steels was studied during the sintering cycles. The final microstructure of these PMsteels, after defined sintering cycles, was characterised by LOM while the mechanical properties ofthe consolidated materials were determined by tensile testing
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 514-516 (May 2006), p. 1682-1688 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Bi-Sn-Zn is one of the systems being used as substitute of the traditional lead solders.Therefore a deeper knowledge of its phase diagram is a priority. Due to the lack of data about thethermodynamic properties of terminal solid solutions as well as on their phase boundaries, onlybinary contributions were utilized and the ternary terms were ignored on the published assessments[1, 2]. Samples corresponding to several vertical sections were prepared and DTA, SEM/EDS andXRD at room and high temperatures were performed. It was concluded that ternary terms should beheld in consideration in a future assessment of the system
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 534-536 (Jan. 2007), p. 661-664 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The use of boron for successfully obtaining high density PM stainless steels withimproved mechanical properties and corrosion resistance is presented. Boron is added as part ofmaster alloys which have been specifically designed to provide the formation of wetting liquidphases with excellent characteristics for producing controlled densification and alloying of 316Land 304L austenitic stainless steels. The as-sintered density and properties of these alloys isdetermined by the amount of master alloy, the chemical composition of the stainless steel powder,the sintering temperature and time. The microstructural development and alloy homogenisation aredetermined by the chemical composition of the Fe-based powder and the chemical reactions takingplace between the basic powder and the master alloy particles during high temperature sintering.The use of this master alloy is shown to lead to stainless steels with outstanding combinations ofstrength and ductility. The influence of alloying and the sintering conditions on the finalmicrostructure, density, corrosion resistance and tensile properties is also discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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