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  • 2005-2009  (51)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated measures screening for Down's Syndrome (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 112 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective  To demonstrate the potential value of screening for Down's Syndrome using highly correlated repeated measures of serum markers taken in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.Design  A Monte Carlo simulation study.Population  Detection rates and false positive rates relating to the maternal age distribution of England and Wales for the period 1996 to 1998 were obtained using marker distributions from the SURUSS study.Results  Screening using first trimester nuchal translucency and repeated measures of uE3 and PAPP-A in the first and second trimester has an estimated false positive rate of 0.3% for an 85% detection rate. This should be compared with the integrated test with an estimated false positive rate of 1.2% for the same detection rate.Conclusions  The performance of repeated measures screening tests, and their acceptability to women, should be assessed in further prospective studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00343.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential phospholipase C activation by phenylalkylamine serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 95 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experiments compared a series of phenethylamine hallucinogens with their phenylisopropylamine analogues for binding affinity and ability to stimulate serotonin 5-HT2A receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol in cells expressing cloned rat and human 5-HT2A receptors. The (±)phenylisopropylamine analogues had significantly higher intrinsic activities for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol compared to their phenethylamine analogues. With respect to the effects of the stereochemistry of the phenylisopropylamines, those with the (R) absolute configuration at the alpha carbon had higher intrinsic activities for hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol in a cell line expressing the human 5-HT2A receptor compared to those with the (S) absolute configuration. In virtual docking studies comparing the (R)- and (S)-phenylisopropylamines with their phenethylamine analogues, there were distinct differences in the orientations of key ligand binding domain residues that have been identified as important by previous mutagenesis studies. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that phenylisopropylamines have higher hallucinogenic potency than their phenethylamine analogues primarily because they have higher intrinsic activities at 5-HT2A receptors. Although virtual ligand binding led to significant perturbations of certain key residues, our results emphasize the conclusion reached by others that overall three-dimensional structural microdomains within the receptor must be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03477.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Properties of Pristine and Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Nanopowders (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pristine, Si-doped, and Si/Nd-codoped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) nanoparticles were synthesized by pyrolysis of complex compounds of aluminum and yttrium with triethanolamine. It was found that the coexistence of Si4+ and Nd3+ increased the solubility of both ions and promoted the formation of YAG phase. Single-phase, nanocrystalline Si/Nd:YAG powders were obtained at calcination temperatures as low as 920°C. The optical behavior of the Si/Nd:YAG nanopowders was similar to that of single-crystal Nd:YAG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00071.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug Wars: The Political Economy of Narcotics (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of popular culture 38 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5931
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2005.00167.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IONS AND RNA FOLDING (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 34 (2005), S. 221-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1056-8700
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The problem of how ions influence the folding of RNA into specific tertiary structures is being addressed from both thermodynamic (by how much do different salts affect the free energy change of folding) and structural (how are ions arranged on or near an RNA and what kinds of environments do they occupy) points of view. The challenge is to link these different approaches in a theoretical framework that relates the energetics of ion-RNA interactions to the spatial distribution of ions. This review distinguishes three different kinds of ion environments that differ in the extent of direct ion-RNA contacts and the degree to which the ion hydration is perturbed, and summarizes the current understanding of the way each environment relates to the overall energetics of RNA folding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.34.040204.144511
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A randomised comparison of microwave endometrial ablation with transcervical resection of the endometrium; follow up at a minimum of five years (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 112 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective  To compare long term outcomes following microwave endometrial ablation (MEA) or transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE).Design  Follow up of a randomised controlled trial.Setting  Gynaecology department of a large UK teaching hospital.Population/Sample  Two hundred and thirty-nine participants in a randomised comparison of MEA with TCRE.Methods  Collection of patient completed postal questionnaires and operative databank review.Main outcome measures  Women's satisfaction with and acceptability of treatment, menstrual symptoms, changes in health-related quality of life and additional treatments received.Results  Two hundred and thirty-six of the original 263 women returned questionnaires (90%) after a minimum of five years post-treatment. Women allocated to MEA were significantly more likely to be totally or generally satisfied with treatment (86%vs 74%; difference 12%, 95% CI 2% to 23%), to find it acceptable (97%vs 91%; difference 6%, 95% CI 1% to 13%) and would recommend it (97%vs 89%; difference 8%, 95% CI 1% to 14%). Bleeding and pain scores were highly significantly reduced following both MEA and TCRE, achieving amenorrhoea rates of 65% and 69%, respectively. The hysterectomy rate after a minimum of five years was 16% in the MEA and 25% in the TCRE arm.Conclusions  Both techniques achieve significant and comparable improvements in menstrual symptoms, and health-related quality of life. While high rates of satisfaction with treatment and acceptability of treatment are achieved by TCRE, these are significantly lower than levels following MEA. These long term data, when combined with the trials' operative findings and known costs of both procedures, now inform us that MEA is a more effective and efficient treatment for heavy menstrual loss than TCRE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00511.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RIPARIAN COMMUNITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PACIFIC NORTHWEST HEADWATER STREAMS: ASSEMBLAGES, PROCESSES, AND UNIQUENESS (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 41 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Riparian areas of large streams provide important habitat to many species and control many instream processes — but is the same true for the margins of small streams? This review considers riparian areas alongside small streams in forested, mountainous areas of the Pacific Northwest and asks if there are fundamental ecological differences from larger streams and from other regions and if there are consequences for management from any differences. In the moist forests along many small streams of the Pacific Northwest, the contrast between the streamside and upslope forest is not as strong as that found in drier regions. Small streams typically lack floodplains, and the riparian area is often constrained by the hillslope. Nevertheless, riparian-associated organisms, some unique to headwater areas, are found along small streams. Disturbance of hillslopes and stream channels and microclimatic effects of streams on the riparian area provide great heterogeneity in processes and diversity of habitats. The tight coupling of the terrestrial riparian area with the aquatic system results from the closed canopy and high edge-to-area ratio for small streams. Riparian areas of the temperate, conifer dominated forests of the Pacific Northwest provide a unique environment. Forest management guidelines for small streams vary widely, and there has been little evaluation of the local or downstream consequences of forest practices along small streams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03778.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fat Taxes: Big Money for Small Change (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Forum for health economics & policy 10 (2007), S. 2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1558-9544
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Medicine , Economics
    Notes: In an attempt to improve the nation's health, many U.S. policy makers have or are considering imposing taxes on the fat in food. Dairy products constitute a large portion of at home fat consumption of particularly harmful types of fat, and nearly all U.S. households consume these products. We estimate a demand system for dairy products, which we use to simulate substitution effects among dairy products and the welfare impacts of fat taxes on various consumer groups. We find that even a 10 percent ad valorem tax on the percentage of fat would reduce fat consumption by less than a percentage point. Given that the demand for most dairy products is inelastic, a fat tax is an effective means to raise revenue. However, these fat taxes are unattractive because they are extremely regressive, and the elderly and poor suffer much greater welfare losses from the taxes than do younger and richer consumers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/fhep/10/2/2
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression and Reversal of Drop Formation in a Model Paint Film (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Chemical product and process modeling 2 (2007), S. 19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2659
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a paint film is applied to the underside of a horizontal substrate, instabilities will lead to the formation of pendant drops. For sufficiently thick coatings, the drops may even detach from the coating before the coating dries. But even for thin paint films, with sufficiently high evaporation rates and viscosity, drop formation will lead to coating irregularities with thick regions (corresponding to the center of the drop) adjacent to much thinner regions (corresponding to troughs between drops.) In this paper we present a mathematical and numerical model based on the lubrication approximations for the drying of paint films on the underside of horizontal substrates. The paint is modeled as a multicomponent liquid with one non-volatile and one volatile component, termed the ``resin'' and ``solvent'' respectively. Our model includes the effects of surface tension and gravitational forces, and we show that surface tension gradient effects due to solvent evaporation must be considered to correctly model the post-application flow of certain paints. Simulations are given for an array of parameters, and they show that surface tension gradients can dramatically affect the post-application behavior of a model paint film, generally causing the suppression and reversal in drop growth, consequently leading to a more even final coating layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/cppm/vol2/iss3/19
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Baseball Errors (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of quantitative analysis in sports 2 (2006), S. 3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-0410
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sports Science
    Notes: This paper examines the factors that determine the rate of errors called in major league baseball, and changes in the error rate over time. We find that (1) the rate of errors depends on the quality of play and characteristics of the field, but that (2) these do not fully explain variations in the error rate. With regard to point 1, we find that the error rate is higher when the quality of fielding is suspect, i.e., the performance of an expansion team in its first year, or the fielding done by replacement players during World War II, and lower when playing conditions are better, e.g. on artificial turf and during night games. With regard to point 2, we find evidence that official scorers are biased toward the home team, but that the bias declined when the stakes involved increased, with the advent of arbitration and free agency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/jqas/vol2/iss4/3
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