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  • 2005-2009  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons by 192 IgG-saporin is associated with decreased phosphorylation of Ser9 glycogen synthase kinase-3β (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 95 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in a variety of biological events including development, glucose metabolism and cell death. Its activity is inhibited by phosphorylation of the Ser9 residue and up-regulated by Tyr216 phosphorylation. Activated GSK-3β increases phosphorylation of tau protein and induces cell death in a variety of cultured neurons, whereas phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase-dependent protein kinase B (Akt), which inhibits GSK-3β activity, is one of the best characterized cell survival signaling pathways. In the present study, the cholinergic immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin was used to address the potential role of GSK-3β in the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, which are preferentially vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. GSK-3β co-localized with a subset of forebrain cholinergic neurons and loss of these neurons was accompanied by a transient decrease in PI-3 kinase, phospho-Ser473Akt and phospho-Ser9GSK-3β levels, as well as an increase in phospho-tau levels, in the basal forebrain and hippocampus. Total Akt, GSK-3β, tau and phospho-Tyr216GSK-3β levels were not significantly altered in these brain regions in animals treated with 192 IgG-saporin. Systemic administration of the GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl did not significantly affect cholinergic marker or phospho-Ser9GSK-3β levels in control rats but did preclude 192-IgG saporin-induced alterations in PI-3 kinase/phospho-Akt, phospho-Ser9GSK-3β and phospho-tau levels, and also partly protected cholinergic neurons against the immunotoxin. These results provide the first evidence that increased GSK-3β activity, via decreased Ser9 phosphorylation, can mediate, at least in part, 192-IgG saporin-induced in vivo degeneration of forebrain cholinergic neurons by enhancing tau phosphorylation. The partial protection of these neurons following inhibition of GSK-3β kinase activity suggests a possible therapeutic role for GSK-3β inhibitors in attenuating the loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons observed in AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03363.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fucoidan inhibits cellular and neurotoxic effects of β-amyloid (Aβ) in rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ), a 39–43 amino acid peptide, in the brain and a loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Seaweeds consumed in Asia contain Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide. Fucoidan has been known to exhibit various biological actions, such as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action. In this study, using whole-cell patch clamp recordings we examined the effects of Fucoidan on Aβ-induced whole-cell currents in acutely dissociated rat basal forebrain neurons. We further investigated whether Fucoidan is capable of blocking Aβ neurotoxicity in primary neuronal cultures. In dissociated cells, bath application of Aβ25−35 (1 µm) caused a reduction of the whole-cell currents by 16%. Fucoidan, in a dose-dependent manner, blocks the Aβ25−35 reduction of whole-cell currents. Exposure of Aβ25−35 (20 µm) or Aβ1−42 (20 µm) to rat cholinergic basal forebrain cultures for 48 h resulted in 40–60% neuronal death, which was significantly decreased by pretreatment of cultures with Fucoidan (0.1–1.0 µm). Fucoidan also attenuated Aβ-induced down-regulation of phosphorylated protein kinase C. Aβ1−42-induced generation of reactive oxygen species was blocked by prior exposure of cultures to Fucoidan. Furthermore, Aβ activation of caspases 9 and 3, which are signaling pathways implicated in apoptotic cell death, is blocked by pretreatment of cultures with Fucoidan. These results show that Fucoidan is able to block Aβ-induced reduction in whole-cell currents in basal forebrain neurons and has neuroprotective effects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in basal forebrain neuronal cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04111.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amine terminated poly(ethylene glycol) benzoate modified epoxy networks (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 4-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To evaluate the efficiency of modifying epoxy resin using amine terminated poly(ethylene glycol) benzoate (ATPEGB) for improved toughness and to optimise the results of such a modification. Design/methodology/approach - For effective toughening, various compositions were made by incorporating different concentrations of ATPEGB. The impact and adhesive strengths of the unmodified and modified epoxy networks were characterised. Findings - The modification of epoxy resin using ATPEGB showed significant enhancement of impact and adhesive strengths over the unmodified one. The modification caused a chemical linkage between ATPEGB and resin which led not only to a phase separation but also to ensuring the intrinsically strong chemical bonds across the ATPEGB phase/resin matrix interface, which was the main cause to the improved impact and adhesive strengths. The optimum results were obtained at 12.5?phr (parts per hundred parts of epoxy resin) of modifier. Research limitations/implications - The modifier, ATPEGB, used in the present context was synthesised from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight 600. Besides, it could be synthesised from PEG of molecular weight 200, 400, 4,000, 20,000 etc. In addition, the efficiency of modification of epoxy resin using these could also be studied. Practical implications - The method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improving the toughness of cured epoxy. Originality/value - The method for enhanced toughness of cured epoxy was novel and could find numerous applications in surface coating and adhesive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420510572548
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughened epoxy modified with phenol-nonyl phenol based polymer (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Pigment & resin technology 34 (2005), S. 184-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0369-9420
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Purpose - To evaluate the efficiency of modifying epoxy resin using phenol-nonyl phenol based polymer (PNPF) for toughness improvement and optimise the results of such a modification. Design/methodology/approach - For effective toughening, various compositions were made by incorporating PNPF at different concentrations. The impact and adhesive strengths of the unmodified and modified epoxy networks were characterised. Findings - The modification of epoxy resin using PNPF showed significant enhancement of impact and adhesive strengths over the unmodified one. The modification caused the formation of a chemical linkage between PNPF and resin which led not only to a phase separation, but also to formation of intrinsically strong chemical bonds across the PNPF phase/resin matrix interphase, which was the main cause of the improved impact and adhesive strengths. The optimum results were obtained at 10?phr (parts per 100 parts of epoxy resin) of modifier. Research limitations/implications - The modifier, PNPF, used in the present context was synthesised from phenol, nonyl phenol and formalin using oxalic acid as catalyst. Practical implications - The developed method provided a simple and practical solution to improving the toughness of a cured epoxy. Originality/value - The method for enhancing toughness of a cured epoxy was novel and could find numerous applications in the surface coating and adhesive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699420510609060
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Characterization of Y〈sub〉3〈/sub〉Al〈sub〉5〈/sub〉O〈sub〉12〈/sub〉 Nanocrystals (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 26-28 (Oct. 2007), p. 667-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Y3Al5O12 (YAG) is one of the important and extensively used solid state laser hostmaterials. YAG nanocrystals were synthesized by low temperature glycol method. This is amodified sol–gel method performed at low temperature that consists of a mixture of salts, mostlynitrates in an aqueous media. Single phase nanocrystalline YAG was obtained at 850 °C, which islower temperature compared to the other methods such as wet-chemical method. This is however,little higher than the material made by alkoxide sol–gel process. The structural characterization isdone by powder XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The crystallite sizes range from 20-50 nm for thematerials prepared at 850- 950 °C
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.26-28.667.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model reaction diffusion system under spatial perturbation: theoretical and numerical investigation (2005)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 43 (2005), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider a model (Lengyel-Epstein) reaction-diffusion system under spatial parametric modulation and demonstrate the effect of resonance shift of the Hopf-Turing boundary. A systematic perturbative and numerical analysis shows that this shift may induce spatial inhomogeneity on an homogeneous stable state resulting in pattern formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2005-00033-7
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