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  • 2005-2009  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in serotonergic neurotransmission between rats displaying high or low anxiety/depression-like behaviour: effects of chronic paroxetine treatment (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 92 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Disturbances in serotonergic neurotransmission have been suggested to be closely interlinked with hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, and are likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders and major depression. We therefore investigated markers of serotonergic transmission and their modulation by chronic paroxetine in rats selectively bred for high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour, both under basal conditions and in response to emotional stress. Hippocampal serotonin 1 A (5-HT1A) receptor mRNA expression was reduced in HAB rats, whereas 5-HT concentrations in hippocampal microdialysates did not differ between HAB and LAB rats under basal conditions. In the hippocampus, overall expression of serotonin transporter binding sites was increased in HAB compared with LAB rats. Exposure to emotional stress failed to increase intrahippocampal 5-HT release in HAB rats whereas LAB rats displayed a physiological, albeit small rise. Chronic paroxetine treatment markedly increased the stress-induced rise in hippocampal 5-HT in HAB, but not LAB rats. This effect may be (at least in part) related to a greater down-regulation of hippocampal serotonin transporter binding sites by paroxetine in HABs compared with LABs, while 5-HT1A receptor expression remained unaffected in this brain area. The findings indicate reduced hippocampal serotonergic transmission in HAB rats as compared with LAB rats, which is evident both at the presynaptic (5-HT release) and the postsynaptic (5-HT1A receptor) level. Chronic paroxetine enhanced the presynaptic responsivity in HAB rats, but not LAB rats, pointing to a preferential efficacy of paroxetine in rats with enhanced anxiety/depression-related behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02953.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seeing the Complexities: A Comment on “Combined Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Adults: Review and Analysis” (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 12 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: In their comprehensive review of the literature on combined treatments for mood and anxiety disorders in adults, Otto, Smits, and Reese (this issue) suggested that the data do not support the use of combined approaches as the default treatment for these conditions. They advocated a nuanced view of the existing findings and emphasized that much is yet to be discovered about whether and how best to combine psychosocial and pharmacological interventions. An empirical update from several recently completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining combined treatment is provided here, and points of convergence and divergence between these findings and the broader literature are considered. Additionally, this commentary supplements their discussion by (a) supporting their strong emphasis on interdisciplinary research and creativity in conceptualizing and designing combined treatments, (b) emphasizing the importance of studying predictors of treatment response in adequately powered trials to better clarify which subgroups require the additional expenditure of resources associated with combined treatment, and (c) encouraging the development and empirical evaluation of combined treatments for children and adolescents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpi010
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide therapy targeting clusterin gene for prostate cancer: Vancouver experience from discovery to clinic (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 12 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background The objective of this study was to review our experience in the development of antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) therapy for prostate cancer targeting antiapoptotic gene, clusterin. Methods We initially summarized our data demonstrating that clusterin could be an optimal therapeutic target for prostate cancer, then presented the process of developing AS ODN therapy using several preclinical animal models. Finally, the preliminary data of the recently completed phase I clinical trial using AS clusterin ODN as well as the future prospects of this therapy are discussed. Results Expression of clusterin was highly up-regulated after androgen withdrawal and during progression to androgen-independence, but low or absent in untreated tissues in both prostate cancer animal model systems and human clinical specimens. Introduction of the clusterin gene into human prostate cancer cells confers resistance to several therapeutic stimuli, including androgen ablation, chemotherapy and radiation. AS ODN targeting the translation initiation site of the clusterin gene markedly inhibited clusterin expression in prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner. Systemic treatment with AS clusterin ODN enhanced the effects of several conventional therapies through the effective induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer xenograft models. Based on these findings, a phase I clinical trial was completed using AS clusterin ODN incorporating 2′-O-(2-methoxy)ethyl-gapmer backbone (OGX-011), showing up to 90% suppression of clusterin in prostate cancer. Conclusions The data described above identified clusterin as an antiapoptotic gene up-regulated in an adaptive cell survival manner following various cell death triggers that helps confer a phenotype resistant to therapeutic stimuli. Inhibition of clusterin expression using AS ODN technology enhances apoptosis induced by several conventional treatments, resulting in the delay of AI progression and improved survival. Clinical trials using AS ODN confirm potent suppression of clusterin expression and phase II studies will begin in early 2005.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01173.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alcohol expectancies, conduct disorder and early-onset alcoholism: negative alcohol expectancies are associated with less drinking in non-impulsive versus impulsive subjects (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 100 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  Research suggests that positive alcohol expectancies promote excessive alcohol use while negative alcohol expectancies discourage excessive alcohol use. Evidence suggests that disinhibitory characteristics, such as conduct disorder and impulsivity, are associated with a general neglect of long-term negative outcomes. This study assessed whether negative expectancies would be associated more strongly with lower levels of alcohol use for low- compared with high-impulsive individuals.Design  Positive and negative alcohol expectancies, alcohol use and impulsivity were assessed in a sample of 99 young adults with alcohol dependence (AD) and conduct disorder (CD), 77 with AD and no CD and 124 controls.Findings  AD/CD subjects had higher proximal (same day) and distal (next day) negative alcohol expectancies, even though they drank more alcohol, compared with AD-alone and control subjects. Distal negative expectancies were associated more strongly with lower levels of drinking for low-impulsive compared with high-impulsive subjects. Proximal negative expectancies were associated more strongly with higher alcohol consumption for high- versus low-impulsive subjects.Conclusions  Impulsivity and conduct disorder may be important factors in determining how much distal negative alcohol expectancies may discourage excessive alcohol consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01105.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous Manifestations of Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An 11-year-old adopted male presented with deforming scalp and bilateral posterior auricular nodules, joint contractures, and gingival hypertrophy. Histopathologic examination of the skin nodules revealed a normal epidermis with areas of extracellular eosinophilic ground substance surrounding benign spindle-shaped (myo)fibroblasts in the dermis and subcutis, alternating with hyalinized, acellular zones. The spindle cells did not show cytologic atypia. A diagnosis of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (JHF) was given. The patient had been seen multiple times in the past for similar recurring, disfiguring dermal and subcutaneous nodules. The patient had a history of osteolytic lesions of the distal radius and ulna and hyaline deposition involving the sigmoid colon and rectum. JHF is a rare autosomal recessive hyalinosis with mutations of the Capillary Morphogenesis Gene-2 (CMG-2) at chromosome 4q21, a region that encodes a binding protein that concatenates capillary collagen IV to laminin. Other genetic abnormalities include mutations in dermal collagen (types I and III). Disease onset occurs early in life. Organ involvement is an ominous sign usually resulting in death during infancy or early childhood. Surgery is the only presently available treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.320ct.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peritoneal Folds of the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The anatomy of the rabbit is not well known and there is no consensus on the anatomical nomenclature for this species. The objective of this study was to give a complementary description of the peritoneal folds in order to improve the existing knowledge on this species. Eighteen adult rabbits were studied. Ten animals were dissected unfixed and the remaining eight after fixation in formalin. The hepatic ligaments were similar to those of the dog. The transverse mesocolon was absent. The entry to the caudal recess of the omental sac was relatively smaller than that in other domestic species. We consistently found an omental foramen. An amount of fat tissue was almost always found in the proximal mesorchium. The vaginal process was inconstant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00587.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can experiments in nonhuman primates expedite the translation of treatments for spinal cord injury in humans? (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 13 (2007), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Progress continues in the development of reparative interventions to enhance recovery after experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we discuss to what extent rodent models of SCI have limitations for ensuring the efficacy and safety of treatments for humans, and under what circumstances it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1595
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nogo-A–specific antibody treatment enhances sprouting and functional recovery after cervical lesion in adult primates (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 790-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] In rodents, after spinal lesion, neutralizing the neurite growth inhibitor Nogo-A promotes axonal sprouting and functional recovery. To evaluate this treatment in primates, 12 monkeys were subjected to cervical lesion. Recovery of manual dexterity and sprouting of corticospinal axons were enhanced ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1436
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to Challenges to the report of Nogo antibody effects in primates (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 1232-1233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Freund et al. reply: In an experimental injury situation, the key prerequisite for studying regeneration is the completeness of the transection of the studied fiber tract. In our paper, the crucial criterion for a complete lesion was not only the extent of the lesion as it appeared in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1106-1232b
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo imaging of axonal degeneration and regeneration in the injured spinal cord (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 11 (2005), S. 572-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The poor response of central axons to transection underlies the bleak prognosis following spinal cord injury. Here, we monitor individual fluorescent axons in the spinal cords of living transgenic mice over several days after spinal injury. We find that within 30 min after trauma, axons die back ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1229
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