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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Links between maternal care and persistent infant crying in the early months (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 24 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: A community sample was screened to select three groups of infants and their mothers according to how much the babies cried at 6 weeks of age, the peak age for infant crying. The three groups — of moderate (n = 55), evening (n = 38) and persistent criers (n = 67) and their mothers— were assessed by diary, observation and questionnaire measures of mother and infant characteristics and interactions at 6 weeks and 5 months of infant age. At 6 weeks, mothers of persistent criers spent more time interacting with and physically stimulating their babies. Below-optimum maternal sensitivity/affection was linked to moderately increased crying in the infants overall. However, most mothers of persistent criers showed optimum sensitivity and affection, while no significant links between maternal sensitivity/affection and infant crying were found in the persistent crying group. By 5 months, when infant crying declined, the range and size of differences between mothers of persistent criers and other mothers declined. Home observations and a standard play measure failed to show group differences in maternal sensitivity, affection and intrusiveness at this age. The findings show that persistent infant crying in the early months often occurs in spite of high quality maternal care, so that in most cases the crying is probably not due to inadequate parenting. The need to distinguish general community cases from those at social or medical risk is emphasized and the findings’ implications for professionals are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2002.00089.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of day care on socially disadvantaged families: an example of the use of process evaluation within a randomized controlled trial (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 30 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aim  This paper describes a process evaluation that was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial of out-of-home pre-school day care. The evaluation aimed to: (1) describe the intervention; (2) document the day care received by participating families; (3) describe the social context of the trial; and (4) provide data to assist in the interpretation of trial outcomes.Methods  The setting for the trial was an out-of-home day care Centre in Hackney, East London. Process data were collected through the use of questionnaires, interviews, and researcher field-notes. Data from questionnaires were collected from 120 mothers and included data on 143 children. Interviews were undertaken with 21 participating mothers. Staff also completed questionnaires and the Head of the Centre was interviewed. The quality of care provided was assessed using the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale.Results  Process data collected during the trial suggest that the day care provided was education-led, flexible in catering to families’ needs, and was of a very high quality. The social context of the trial resulted in financial pressures, which may well have influenced the intervention provided. Data collected through in-depth interviews suggested that it may be the flexibility of day care that is particularly important in allowing women to return to paid employment, but that the loss of benefits when starting work may have meant no increase in household income.Conclusion  The paper illustrates the value of conducting a process evaluation alongside a randomized trial, particularly where complex interventions are involved. In this case, where the intervention was not provided by the research team, the evaluation allowed an insight into the content of a multifaceted intervention, which is useful in interpreting the trial's results, and in explaining the possible effects of the social context on the intervention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00481.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smacking (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 26 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2000.00179.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Industrial Relations and the European Community (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Industrial relations journal 7 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2338
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.1976.tb00180.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post mortem diagnosis of fatal obstructive sleep apnoea (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01940.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a nonpathogenic Erwinia amylovora guaB mutant (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A nonpathogenic Erwinia amylovora transposon mutant that has an insertion in the guaB gene was isolated. The mutation results in a nutritional requirement for guanine or xanthine, and loss of ability to produce ooze on immature pear fruit and to cause symptoms in the apple seedling assay. The mutant expressed other known virulence determinants including extracellular polysaccharide and had an intact hrp/dsp cluster. In addition it was able to grow in host tissue, although the population size in planta was maintained at a considerably lower level than that seen with the parent strain. The inability of the Erwinia amylovora guaB mutant to cause disease indicates that levels of guanine in plant tissue are likely to be insufficient to maintain optimal growth via the purine salvage pathway. This, in turn, appears to compromise the ability of the mutant to develop a sufficiently large population size in planta to overcome host defence mechanisms and cause disease symptoms. This indicates that a functional de novo guanine synthetic pathway is important for Erwinia amylovora to grow on plant tissue and cause disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-49.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The autopsy: complete or not complete? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Less invasive or non-invasive alternatives to the complete autopsy have been sought for some time, and a range of methods, ranging from needle sampling to endoscopy to magnetic resonance imaging, have been considered. Evaluations of these methods are few and far between, but generally confirm the predictable conclusion that incomplete autopsies provide incomplete information. It is not difficult to envisage a situation whereby pressure for non-invasive autopsies will allow them to become prevalent, whether properly evaluated or not. However, used appropriately, non-invasive or less invasive autopsies may be valuable tools capable of answering specific questions in situations where it is not possible to perform a complete autopsy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01596.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in determining cause of sudden death in adults: comparison with conventional autopsy (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 42 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim:  To determine the accuracy and define the limitations of post mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the cause of sudden death in adults.Methods and results:  Sudden unexpected adult deaths in the community, reported to the Coroner (n = 10), excluding suspicious, violent or potentially drug-related deaths, were submitted to whole body MRI, followed by full invasive autopsy. The MRI scans were reported independently by four radiologists, blinded to the autopsy findings; two had previous experience of post mortem MRI. An abnormality that related to the cause of death as identified at autopsy, was identified by at least one radiologist in eight cases. These were pulmonary consolidation (autopsy finding pneumonia) (n = 1), pneumoperitoneum (autopsy finding perforated peptic ulcer) (n = 2), left ventricular failure (autopsy finding ischaemic heart disease) (n = 4), and disseminated bronchial carcinoma (n = 1). However, in only one case were all radiologists able to provide a confident cause of death (disseminated bronchial carcinoma). In two cases, in which death occurred 2–6 days and 3–6 days before MRI, early decomposition prevented interpretation of the images. Severe coronary artery atheroma was detected at autopsy in 7/10, but these lesions were not detected by MRI. Previous experience in reporting post mortem MRI, without autopsy comparison, did not result in more accurate interpretation of the images.Conclusions:  This pilot study suggests that post mortem MRI can identify some abnormalities relating to the common causes of sudden death in adults, but there is a need for greater experience in correlating MRI with autopsy findings before a reliable cause of death can be made by MRI alone. Inability to image coronary artery lesions, differentiating thrombus from clot and pulmonary oedema from pneumonic exudates, are specific problems that may be corrected with greater experience and higher resolution scans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01614.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vascular endothelial growth factor expression correlates with tumour grade and vascularity in gliomas (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression correlates with tumour grade and vascularity in gliomas Aims: Tumour vascularity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were studied in 41 primary brain tumours of astrocytic and oligodendroglial origin, in order to define the potential role of VEGF in the vascularization and growth of these tumours. Methods and results: Two commercial monoclonal antibodies to the VEGF protein (from R&D Systems and NeoMarkers), raised against different isoforms, were utilized. Each monoclonal antibody consistently detected the expression of VEGF in different cell types. The R&D Systems antibody only produced surface staining of endothelial cells in tumour capillaries, whereas staining with the Neomarkers antibody was largely confined to tumour cell cytoplasm. High levels of staining were seen with the R&D Systems and NeoMarkers antibodies in 13 and 14 of 15 glioblastomas, respectively, four and three of five oligodendrogliomas, four and seven of 10 anaplastic astrocytomas, one and three of six low-grade astrocytomas and none and none of five pilocytic astrocytomas. There was a close correlation between VEGF expression, tumour vascularity and grade. Conclusions: These findings support a role for VEGF in the angiogenesis of glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. The distinct immunoreactivities of the two commercial monoclonal antibodies indicate either there is expression of different splice variants of VEGF or that the epitopes are differentially revealed during synthesis, secretion and receptor-binding of the growth factor. This highlights the importance of using more than one antibody in the evaluation of tissue VEGF expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2001.01230.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma: a study of five cases emphasizing diagnostic criteria (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 33 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To study the clinical and histopathological features of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, and to define diagnostic criteria for this uncommon soft-tissue tumour.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsStandard histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques were applied to five tumours from head and neck, chest wall and groin. Tumours consisted of groups of monomorphic rounded/epithelioid cells surrounded by a prominent collagenous stroma. Tumour cells showed positive vimentin staining but were negative for other markers. They contained prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and a large Golgi apparatus which in one case was producing collagen secretion granules, an ultrastructural marker for collagen production. Three patients had medium to long-term survival (3–7 years). Of these, one was disease-free for 3 years, and two experienced multiple recurrences: one of the latter died of metastatic disease.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionCriteria for diagnosing this uncommon tumour include: small to medium cell size, clear or pale cytoplasm, cellular arrangement in cords and strands, dense collagenous stroma; vimentin staining; rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus producing, in well preserved examples, collagen secretion granules. The paper emphasizes the value of electron microscopy, supporting an appropriate histological picture and immunophenotype, in identifying these relatively low-grade sarcomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00530.x
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