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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SERS Spectra of Polythiophene in Doped and Undoped States (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 6628-6634 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100017a052
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Ion-Exchange Reaction as Measured by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Silver Colloids (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 7075-7081 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100018a046
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic stimulation of MHC class I and IRF-1 gene expression by IFN-γ and TNF-α in oligodendrocytes (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to understand the molecular basis of the synergistic action of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) on rat oligodendrocyte development, we studied some aspects of the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) gene expression. Two well-defined inducible enhancers of the MHC class I gene promoter, the MHC class I regulatory element (MHC-CRE) and the interferon consensus sequence (ICS), were analysed. Neither IFN-γ nor TNF-α was capable of inducing MHC-CRE binding activity when administrated alone. Following the exposure of oligodendrocytes to IFN-γ, TNF-R1 expression was transcriptionally induced by the binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-1) homodimers to the IFN-γ activated site (GAS) present in the gene promoter. The upregulation of TNF-R1 allowed TNF-α to induce the binding of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the MHC-CRE site. With respect to ICS element, IFN-γ induced IRF-1 binding, that was further enhanced upon co-treatment with TNF-α. The existence of a synergism between IFN-γ and TNF-α in stimulating IRF-1 expression at the transcriptional level was supported by IRF-1 promoter analysis: IFN-γ directly induced the binding of STAT-1 homodimers to the GAS element, while NF-κB binding to the κB sequence was activated by TNF-α only after IFN-γ treatment. This transcriptional regulation of IRF-1 gene by IFN-γ and TNF-α was confirmed at the mRNA level. The synergism demonstrated in the present study highlights the importance of cytokine interactions in magnifying their biological effects during brain injury and inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1998.00313.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the rat hippocampus increases prostaglandin E2 extracellular levels and triggers lipid peroxidation through cyclooxygenase-mediated mechanisms (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 81 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclooxygenases (COX) are a family of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxanes. The inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the major isoform found in normal brain, where it is constitutively expressed in neurons and is further up-regulated during several pathological events, including seizures and ischaemia. Emerging evidence suggests that COX-2 is implicated in excitotoxic neurodegenerative phenomena. It remains unclear whether PGs or other products associated to COX activity take part in these processes. Indeed, it has been suggested that reactive oxygen species, produced by COX, could mediate neuronal damage. In order to obtain direct evidence of free radical production during COX activity, we undertook an in vivo microdialysis study to monitor the levels of PGE2 and 8-epi-PGF2α following infusion of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). A 20-min application of 1 mm NMDA caused an immediate, MK-801-sensitive increase of both PGE2 and 8-epi-PGF2α basal levels. These effects were largely prevented by the specific cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK), by non- selective COX inhibitors indomethacin and flurbiprofen or by the COX-2 selective inhibitor NS-398, suggesting that the NMDA-evoked prostaglandin synthesis and free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation are largely dependent on COX-2 activity. As several lines of evidence suggest that prostaglandins may be potentially neuroprotective, our findings support the hypothesis that free radicals, rather than prostaglandins, mediate the toxicity associated to COX-2 activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00897.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cellular automata model for highway traffic (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 17 (2000), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear dynamic systems - 45.70.Vn Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow - 89.40.+k Transportation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We present results relative to a simple cellular automata model without periodic boundary conditions for an highway with on-ramps. Simulations performed with this model reproduce experimental phenomena observed in traffic such as free flow, synchronized flow, congested flow, lane inversion, forward and backward propagating waves. On-ramps play the important role of nucleation points for the dynamic features of traffic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100510070172
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-similarity in highway traffic (2002)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.45.Df Fractals – 45.70.Vn Granular models of complex systems; traffic flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Highway traffic as simulated with a simple cellular automata model has been analysed in a search for self-similarity in the behaviour of car density and car flow as a function of space. Fractal dimensions between 1.5 and 1.6, depending on the simulation characteristics, have been measured with a box counting algorithm. The self-similarity spans over about 2 orders of magnitude. A comparison with experimental data is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e20020028
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure Refinement of Cast Intermetallic Alloys - A New Application for Nano-Crystalline Powders (1998)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 269-272 (Jan. 1998), p. 1061-0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/03/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.269-272.1061.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virological and molecular parameters of HIV-1 infection of human embryonic astrocytes (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1599-1615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Two different strains of HIV-1, the lymphotropic HIV-IIIB and the monocytotropic HIV-Ba-L, were able to infect tertiary cultures of astrocytes established from the human embryonic brain. The infection did not require contact with infected cells, as astrocytes were exposed to infectious cell-free supernatants. Except for an early transient peak of p24 consistently observed after infection with HIV-Ba-L, the infection of astrocytes appeared to be nonproductive. However, viral production was always observed when infected astrocytes were cocultured with permissive cells (CEM-SS or monocytes). To exclude the possibility that undetectable levels of virus are chronically produced by astrocytes, we exposed permissive cells to p24 negative supernatants taken from infected cultures. In such conditions permissive cells were never infected. Infection of astrocytes by HIV-1 was further supported by the finding that provirus persisted in these cells. Indeed, by a nested PCR, we detected HIV-1 DNA even one month after infection. Moreover, at the transcriptional level we observed expression of the multiply spliced RNA (tat) and nef primers). Noteworthy, this pattern of HIV-1 expression did not change appreciably when astrocytes were pretreated and cultivated in the presence of IL-1β. Altogether, our data support the concept that astrocytes may play a role in the spread of HIV-1 infection within the brain and in the pathogenesis of neuro-AIDS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050401
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auditory nerve and brain stem responses in homozygous jaundiced gunn rats (1981)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 232 (1981), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Hörnerv ; Hirnstamm ; Ratte ; Gelbsucht ; Hyperbilirubinämie ; Cochlea-Mikrophonpotentiale ; Auditory nerve ; Brain stem ; Gunn rats ; Jaundice ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Cochlear microphonic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In humans, functional evidence based on recording cochlear microphonic, auditory nerve, and brain stem responses has shown that the site of lesion in hearing loss following neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is the auditory nerve (with sparing of the hair cells). Structural damage to the central nervous system (CNS) including the cochlear nuclei has been demonstrated in adult, homozygous Gunn rats which develop hyperbilirubinemia shortly after birth. In an attempt to use the Gunn rat as an experimental model for bilirubin-induced CNS damage, auditory nerve and brain stem responses (ABR) were recorded in jaundiced (homozygous) and non-jaundiced (heterozygous) Gunn rats and in Sabra (Wistar) rats. All of the rats including the jaundiced Gunn rats had normal ABR and responded behaviorally to sound stimuli. These results suggest that the adult jaundiced Gunn rat retains auditory function and in this way differs from human patients in whom neonatal jaundice has lead to hearing loss. Therefore, the adult homozygous Gunn rat probably cannot serve as a model for hearing loss due to hyperbilirubinemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Versuch, Ratten als experimentelles Modell eines durch Bilirubin verursachten Schadens im ZNS einzusetzen, zeigte, daß bei allen Ratten mit Gelbsucht normale Reaktionen des Hörnervs und des Hirnstamms auf akustische Reize zu registrieren waren. Da sich so die Reaktionen auf akustische Stimuli bei erwachsenen Ratten mit Gelbsucht von denen beim Menschen mit Ikterus neonatorum unterscheiden, sind Ratten nicht als Modell zur Untersuchung einer durch Hyperbilirubinämie verursachten Hörstörung geeignet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505033
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformations of simple ethers on dehydrating catalysts Communication 3. Effect of surface acidity on catalytic activity (1982)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 31 (1982), S. 752-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The introduction of titanium and silicon oxides into Al2O3 as well as its treatment with inorganic acids leads to an increase in the rate of disproportionation of simple ethers. The greatest increase in the rate, by a factor of almost 5 times, is observed in the case of aluminum oxide samples which have been treated with TiCl4, and HCl. 2. A parallel change was discovered in the rate of disproportionation and the surface acidity measured using the chemisorption of ammonia at 200°C as a function of the amounts of TiCl4, and HCl introduced. 3. On the basis of the data which had been obtained the proposal was made that the presence of Lewis acid centers is the main factor determining the activity of the catalysts in the disproportionation of simple ethers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00950012
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