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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The status of DESY H− sources : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 992-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two different types of H− sources are operating at DESY, a magnetron source and a rf-driven volume source. H− sources for HERA have to run for long uninterrupted periods with a low duty factor and a high reliability. Several necessary improvements are under construction for our rf-driven volume source. The status of both our magnetron and our volume source will be discussed and the first LINAC III experiment with the rf-driven volume source will be reported. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148620
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new x-ray diffraction method for structural investigations of solid-liquid interfaces (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4169-4176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A synchrotron x-ray diffraction method is presented for structural investigations of interfaces between low-Z substrates and heavier liquids. The method, similar to methods used in neutron scattering, is based on illuminating the interface through the solid substrate. The backgrounds arising from bulk scattering and the signal-to-background ratio are estimated and compared with experimental results. An ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) setup is described in which the atomic arrangement and roughness of clean interfaces can be studied in situ. Our first results illustrate the possibilities for both out-of-plane and in-plane diffraction studies. The specular reflectivity of the Ga/diamond(111)-2×1 interface was measured for perpendicular momentum transfers up to 2.2 Å−1. In an in-plane study of Ga/Si(111)-7×7 the in-plane structure factor of Ga liquid within a depth of ∼50 Å was compared to the structure factor of the bulk liquid. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148380
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The status of Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron H− sources : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1045-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two different types of H− sources are operated at Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, a magnetron source and an experimental rf-driven volume source. H− sources for HERA have to run for long uninterrupted periods with a low duty factor and a high reliability. Several necessary improvements are under construction for our rf-driven volume source. The status of both the magnetron and volume source will be discussed and the latest experimental data will be presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146753
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative ion sources for high energy accelerators (invited) : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1069-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Due to the development of reliable H− ion sources, charge-exchange injection into circular accelerators has become routine. For preacceleration of heavy ions tandem generators with a stripping foil are used in order to double the energy with the same high voltage. This article reviews recent developments in negative hydrogen ion sources. The underlying physics, operating parameters, and beam characteristics of selected sources will be described and compared. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150388
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The plasma–vacuum transition in rf sources for negative hydrogen ions : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 900-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An intensive study has been made at DESY of the transition region between the plasma and vacuum, the so-called sheath, of rf sources for negative hydrogen ions. The plasma and sheath have been analyzed with Langmuir probes even at extraction at 35 kV, with different geometric arrangements utilizing specially designed collars. Langmuir probes were installed in one of the collars. The use of a long ceramic insulated Langmuir probe made a three-dimensional analysis possible. The density, temperature, and potential of the plasma have been calculated based on these data. These studies have resulted in a better understanding of the transition region of not just rf sources but also of magnetron and Penning sources. Studies with a nine-ring collar made it possible to develop a design with a new method to dump the electrons and deliver an increased negative hydrogen current. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427670
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Safety and efficacy of semi-closed circle ventilation in small infants (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 8 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate the safety and efficacy of semi-closed circle ventilation of the Dräger anaesthesia ventilators (Cicero, Cato), using a fresh gas flow (FGF) of 600 ml·min−1. Twenty infants, weighing less than 6000 g, without cardiorespiratory abnormalities who required general anaesthesia of at least 30 min were included. The FGF was reduced to 600 ml·min−1 after 10 min of denitrogenation with a FGF of 4 to 6 l·min−1. The composition of the FGF (600ml·min−1) was calculated as follows: oxygen necessary for consumption (60 ml·min−1) plus the remaining FGF in a 1:2 relationship for oxygen. The inspiratory nitrogen fraction was calculated to exclude accumulation. Inspiratory fractions of O2 and N2O plus inspiratory and endtidal CO2 partial pressures and noninvasive oxygen saturation were the control parameters. The gas concentrations (O2 and N2O) remained within safe limits. Hypoxic gas concentrations were not observed. Neither nitrogen nor CO2 accumulated in the circle system. In conclusion, low flow anaesthesia can be performed safely in infants under 6000 grams with the Dräger Cicero and Cato anaesthesia ventilators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1998.00232.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase Structure and Function: A Biochemical-Genetic Perspective (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 49 (1995), S. 335-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.002003
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enrichment and Characterization of Dendritic Cells from Rat Renal Mesangium (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dendritic cells (DC) initiate primary immune reactions and are distributed throughout most tissues. The most potent DC population of the kidney has long been suggested to reside within the glomerular mesangium. Using LEW.1A rats, we enriched and characterized such low-density cells. Mesangial DC generally exhibited round to oval cell bodies and cytoplasmic veils. Phenotypically, these cells were 100% OX-6++, 45% OX-42++, 35% ED1low, 10% OX-62low, and negative for ED2 and α-naphtylbutyrate esterase. Introducing a new monoclonal antibody, R3, which stains a subset of splenic DC, we showed strong antigen expression on 60% of mesangial DC. Correlating cell populations were detected immunohistochemically. Functionally, mesangial DC potently stimulated allogeneic mixed leucocyte reactions, but did not phagocytose opsonized Escherichia coli. In addition to their striking phenotypic similarity with autologous splenic DC, mesangial DC exhibited 88% of the allostimulatory activity of splenic DC. Calculation indicated approximately two mesangial DC per glomerulum. We suggest that these cells comprise different maturation-dependent subsets. The OX-62 integrin especially appears to be expressed only on mature mesangial DC, which may correlate to lymphoid veiled cells or interdigitating DC. An employment of mesangial DC in experimental models of acute allograft rejection or glomerulonephritis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-175.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Human In Vitro Granuloma Model Using Heat Killed Candidaalbicans Cells Immobilized on Plastic Culture Wells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new model for studying the initial events of granuloma formation in vitro is presented using heat killed Candida albicans immobilized on the surface of plastic culture wells. Human monocytes were induced to accumulate and to proliferate, forming multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and epitheloid cells within 4 days of culture. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected in culture supernatants. These monokines, and additionally macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), were also detected immunocytochemically. The granuloma formation was inhibited by Dexamethasone (Dex), Pentoxifylline (POF), or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner. Antibodies to M-CSF reduced the granuloma formation to a great extent with a striking reduction of monocyte proliferation. Using antibodies to TNF-α the authors found a complete inhibition of the granuloma including MGC formation and monocyte proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-435.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rough Neural Computing in Signal Analysis (2001)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Computational intelligence 17 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: This paper introduces an application of a particular form of rough neural computing in signal analysis. The form of rough neural network used in this study is based on rough sets, rough membership functions, and decision rules. Two forms of neurons are found in such a network: rough membership function neurons and decider neurons. Each rough membership function neuron constructs upper and lower approximation equivalence classes in response to input signals as an aid to classifying inputs. In this paper, the output of a rough membership function neuron results from the computation performed by a rough membership function in determining degree of overlap between an upper approximation set representing approximate knowledge about inputs and a set of measurements representing certain knowledge about a particular class of objects. Decider neurons implement granules derived from decision rules extracted from data sets using rough set theory. A decider neuron instantiates approximate reasoning in assessing rough membership function values gleaned from input data. An introduction to the basic concepts underlying rough membership neural networks is briefly given. An application of rough neural computing in classifying the power system faults is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0824-7935.00160
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