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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the Hugoniot equation of state in laser-driven shock experiments by a line-imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4674-4676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: As a new technique for the measurements of the Hugoniot equation of state in laser-driven shock experiments, a line-imaging optically recording velocity interferometer system (Line-ORVIS) is developed and applied to investigate the Hugoniot of nitrobenzene. The experimental result agrees with the previous data obtained by another method. Thus, it is suggested that a Line-ORVIS is effective for the measurements of the Hugoniot equation of state in laser-driven shock experiments. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322574
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous observations of temporally and spatially resolved electron temperatures of both circular central-cell and elliptical anchor-region plasmas in GAMMA 10 : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1193-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first results of simultaneous observations of temporally and spatially resolved electron temperatures (Te) in both circularly shaped central-cell and elliptically shaped anchor regions are reported in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. A data set is provided using a novel matrix-type x-ray semiconductor detector. The detector has seven "matrix columns" for the measurement of plasma x-ray profiles along with six "matrix rows" for simultaneous analyses of six different x-ray-energy ranges by the fabrication of six different thicknesses of SiO2 semiconductor surface layers from 1 to 495 nm as ultrathin and unbreakable "x-ray absorption filters." Such a matrix idea enables us to analyze x-ray tomography data in the Te region down to a few tens of eV. Simultaneous application of the x-ray detectors in the central-cell and the anchor region gives information on not only detailed electron behavior in each region but also the mutually communicating relation between the two regions: The role of the anchor-region plasmas in magnetohydrodynamic plasma stabilization in the central-cell plasmas is confirmed by the data from these detailed simultaneous electron observations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322620
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of x-ray-energy responses of semiconductor detectors under deuterium–tritium fusion-produced neutron irradiation : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 805-808 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the purpose of investigating fusion-produced neutron effects on semiconductor x-ray detectors, detection characteristics of x-ray tomography detectors used before and after deuterium–tritium (DT) and/or DD fusion-plasma experiments in the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak are studied using synchrotron radiation from a 2.5 GeV positron storage ring at the Photon Factory. Degradations in the responses after neutron exposure into the detectors are found to have functional dependence on x-ray energy. Changes in the depletion thicknesses of the detectors are investigated by means of impedance analyses. The Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) facility of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute is also employed for well calibrated DT fusion-produced neutron irradiation onto these semiconductor x-ray detectors. Recovery of the response degradation is found due to a method for supplying the operational bias to the degraded detector. Our theory is applied to interpret these detector characteristics under the irradiation of DT fusion-produced neutrons in the JET tokamak and the FNS facility. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319872
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a high-current laser ion source for induction accelerators : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1216-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a high-current laser ion source that can provide low-charge-state ions for induction accelerators. A frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (λ=532 nm) irradiated a copper target with relatively low intensities of 108–109 W/cm2. The laser-produced plasma supplied a large number of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions over 1014 ions/cm2 at a distance of 10 cm from the target. We have successfully extracted high-current copper beams over 0.1 A/cm2 using an inductive acceleration module. The beam emittance measured by a pepper-pot method was about 40 πmm mrad. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150437
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluid-rock history of granulite facies humite-marbles from Ambasamudram, southern India. (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 19 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: An extensive humite-bearing marble horizon within a supracrustal sequence at Ambasamudram, southern India, was studied using petrological and stable isotopic techniques to define its metamorphic history and fluid characteristics. At peak metamorphic temperatures of 775±73°C, based on calcite-graphite carbon isotope thermometry, the mineral assemblages suggest layer-by-layer control of fluid compositions. Clinohumite + calcite-bearing assemblages suggest XCO2 〈 0.4 (at 700°C and 5 kbar), calcite + forsterite + K-feldspar-bearing assemblages suggest XCO2〉0.9 (at 790°C); and local wollastonite + scapolite + grossular-bearing zones formed at XCO2 of c. 0.3. Retrograde reaction textures such as scapolite + quartz symplectites after feldspar and calcite and replacement of dolomite + diopside or tremolite+dolomite after calcite+forsterite or calcite+clinohumite are indicative of retrogression under high XCO2 conditions. Calcite preserves late Proterozoic carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures and the marble lacks evidence for extensive retrograde fluid infiltration, while during prograde metamorphism the possible infiltration of aqueous fluids did not produce significant isotopic resetting. Isotopic zonation of calcite and graphite grains was likely produced by localized CO2 fluid infiltration during retrogression. Contrary to the widespread occurrence of humite-marbles related to retrograde aqueous fluid infiltration, the Ambasamudram humite-marbles record a prograde-to-peak metamorphic humite formation and retrogression under conditions of low XH2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0263-4929.2001.00318.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flyer acceleration by a high-power KrF laser with a long pulse duration (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2943-2947 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The experiments of flyer acceleration by the irradiation of a high power laser are carried out using the ASHURA system at the Electrotechnical Laboratory, in which the laser has a short wavelength (∼249 nm) and a long pulse duration (∼30 ns). Three-layered targets (aluminum–polyimide–tantalum) are irradiated. The laser ablates the aluminum and polyimide layers and the rear layer (tantalum) is accelerated as a flyer. It is suggested that the tantalum flyer is in a condensed state for the duration of flight. The flyer velocity estimated from the acceleration profile is at least 8 km/s. One-dimensional numerical simulation indicates that the terminal flyer velocity becomes higher than 15 km/s. The energy conversion from laser energy to flyer kinetic energy is more efficient than that in the previous experiments using the three-layered targets with a longer wavelength and a shorter pulse duration (1–2 ns). Thus, it is found that a facility with a long pulse duration and a short wavelength is suitable for the realization of a fast flyer keeping its state in a condensed phase. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287219
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of reversible and irreversible magnetization processes of coprecipitated cobalt ferrite (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6235-6237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cobalt ferrite was obtained by coprecipitation of iron and cobalt sulphates into acetone medium. The Co0.62+Fe0.43+[Co0.42+Fe1.63+]O4 cation distribution was obtained from Mössbauer spectroscopy at room temperature. Saturation magnetization of 74.1 emu/g and an intrinsic coercive field of 528 Oe were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Using the moving Preisach model, separation of reversible (Mrev) and irreversible (Mirr) magnetization components was performed. The parameters η defined as η=(dMrev/dMirr)Hi and km the moving Preisach parameter expressed through the relation η=kmχrev, were evaluated in order to investigate the hysteretic behavior of Mrev. Additional characterization was done in order to investigate the elemental composition, structure, and morphology of the samples.© 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372665
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous observations of temporally and spatially resolved two-dimensional profiles of ion-confining potentials and ion fluxes using novel ion-energy spectrometer arrays : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 619-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Newly designed spectrometer arrays for ion-energy-spectrum observations are proposed and constructed in both end regions of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror so as to obtain two dimensionally resolved radial profiles of end-loss-ion fluxes IELA, ion temperatures, and ion-confining potentials φc by the use of a single plasma discharge alone. Each spectrometer unit in the array has a specific structure with obliquely placed multiple grids with respect to the direction of the ambient plasma-confining magnetic fields. This structure is proposed to obtain precise ion-energy spectra without the disturbance of simultaneously incident energetic electrons into the array, since widely distributed "multigridded Faraday cup" signals have significant electron disturbances on ion spectra even if over a few tens of kV are applied to the electron-repeller grid. In tandem-mirror experiments, plasma-confining potentials produced by electron cyclotron heatings play one of the most critical roles in the improvement of simple-mirror confinement. Thus, diagnostics of these confining potentials using clear ion spectra are of essential importance. From these motivations, the spatial distribution details and relations of φc and IELA are investigated by the use of the novel ion spectrometers. Axisymmetric profiles of φc are found to have a good correlation with axisymmetric plugging distributions in IELA. These are consistently interpreted in terms of the Pastukhov theory of the relation of φc with IELA. Information on such specific spectrometer arrays would contribute to researchers in a wide variety of plasma devices, who employ analyzers for flux, temperature, and potential diagnostics under energetic plasma circumstances. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1319869
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A diagnostic method for both plasma ion and electron temperatures under simultaneous incidence of charge-exchange particles and x rays into a semiconductor detector array (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 146-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An idea for using semiconductor detectors to simultaneously observe both plasma ion Ti and electron Te temperatures is proposed. The idea is also experimentally verified in tandem-mirror plasma shots. This method is developed on the basis of an alternative "positive" use of a semiconductor "dead layer" as an energy-analysis filter. Filtering dependence of charge-exchange neutral particles from plasmas on the thickness of a thin (on the order of nm thick) SiO2 layer is employed for analyzing Ti in the range from hundreds to thousands of eV. Even under the conditions of simultaneous incidence of such particles and x rays into semiconductor detectors, the different dependence on their penetration lengths and deposition depths in semiconductor materials makes it possible to distinguish particles (for Ti) from x rays (for Te). In this letter, proof-of-principle plasma experiments for the proposed idea are carried out to verify the availability of this concept of distinguishing and identifying each value of Ti and Te by the use of various thin filtering materials prior to the use of thinner dead layers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125684
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of male-sterile cytoplasm in resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus and Fusarium head blight in barley (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 121 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two types of male-sterile cytoplasm, designated msm1 and msm2, in barley were investigated to determine whether these cytoplasms confer resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (Ba YMV) and Fusarium head blight (FHB). Alloplasmic lines and isogenic lines of two cultivars showed the same reaction to each Ba YMV as that of their euplasmic lines. This demonstrates that the barley male-sterile cytoplasms msm1 and msm2 have no effect on resistance to BaYMV. No significant difference in reactions to FHB was recognized among fertile alloplasmic lines of ‘Adorra’, but the difference in reactions to FHB between fertile and sterile isogenic lines of ‘Adorra’ was significant. The damage caused by FHB in the male-sterile lines that produced sterile pollen was significantly greater than the damage in a sterile line that did not produce pollen. These results suggest that pollen or anthers are important factors in infection with or spread of FHB. For production of hybrid seeds, male-sterile lines with no pollen production, such as those with msm1 male-sterile cytoplasm, would reduce FHB infestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2002.00683.x
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