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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Beidseitige Rekurrensparesen ; Restrumektomien ; Kehlkopfelektromyographie ; Intraoperatives Monitoring ; Laterofixation ; Key words Bilateral inferior laryngeal nerve palsies ; Revision thyroidectomy ; Laryngeal electromyography ; Intraoperative monitoring ; Lateral cord fixiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsies result in dyspnea and often require further surgery to secure an adequate airway for safe respiration. The present study was devised to determine a predictive value of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) and if it has therapeutic consequences. In a retrospective study of 63 patients with bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies after thyroid gland surgery we compared the results of LEMG from the thyroarytenoid muscles with the spontaneous recovery rate of vocal cord mobility. A tracheostomy had to be performed in 18 patients because of unsafe dyspnea, while a unilateral lateral cord fixation had to be carried out in 20 patients. Primary thyroidectomies as treatment for benign goiters showed spontaneous normalization of unilateral or bilateral vocal cord mobility in 75% of cases versus 36% after revision thyroidectomies. Single LEMG correctly predicted prognosis in 78% of patients. In all, LEMG was found to be of value in the assessment of bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies. Findings also showed that a lateral cord fixation should be planned after a 9-month waiting period. When a patient refuses a tracheostomy lateral cord fixation can be performed at an earlier time, with the use of repeated LEMGs to predict whether or not a corrective surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beidseitige Rekurrensparesen führen oft zu Dyspnoe und erfordern dann operative Maßnahmen zur Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Atmung. Können mit elektromyographischen Untersuchungen der Kehlkopfmuskulatur (KK-EMG) frühzeitig Aussagen zur spontanen Erholung von beidseitigen Stimmlippenparesen gemacht werden, und ergeben sich daraus therapeutische Konsequenzen? An einer retrospektiven Studie von 63 Patienten mit beidseitigen Rekurrenslähmungen nach Strumaresektion alio loco wurden Prognoseeinschätzungen elektromyographischer Untersuchungen der Kehlkopfmuskulatur dem tatsächlichen Heilungsverlauf gegenübergestellt. Eine Tracheotomie war bei 18 Patienten erforderlich, glottiserweiternde Eingriffe in 20 Fällen. Die Tendenz zur spontanen Erholung einer ausreichenden Glottisöffnung war von der Ausgangssituation abhängig: Nach Erstoperation wegen gutartiger Schilddrüsenerkrankung besserte sich die Atmung durch ein- oder beidseitige Erholung der Stimmlippenmotilität in 75%. Demgegenüber erreichten nur 36% der Patienten nach Restrumektomien spontan eine funktionell ausreichende Glottisweite. Die Zuverlässigkeit einer einmaligen elektromyographischen Kehlkopfuntersuchung für die Prognoseabschätzung betrug insgesamt 78%; i. allg. hat die Verhaltensregel, daß eine glottiserweiternde Operation erst nach Ablauf einer Wartezeit von 9 Monaten vorgenommen wird, Gültigkeit. In besonderen Fällen (z.B. Verweigerung einer Tracheotomie) kann die Indikation zu einer operativen Glottiserweiterung nach wiederholter KK-EMG-Untersuchung auch zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt gestellt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta ethologica 2 (1999), S. 29-34 
    ISSN: 1437-9546
    Keywords: Key words Gasterosteus aculeatus ; Foraging behaviour ; Refuge use ; Weight change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Refuge use provides a good model for the study of trade-offs between the benefits of predator avoidance and the costs of lost feeding opportunities. We manipulated the latter costs by subjecting similar-sized three-spine sticklebacks to 2 days of food deprivation followed by a 2-day re-feeding period and recorded associated changes in body weight and refuge use. Food deprivation resulted in a decrease and re-feeding in an increase in the duration of refuge use by fish. Emergence times of fish from the refuge were extremely variable (with a ratio of 1:127 between the shortest and the longest ones) but individual ranks were highly consistent between different days of testing, suggesting that emergence times were individually characteristic. Percentage weight change of fish in response to the experimental treatments also showed a high level of inter-individual variation ranging from 0–17%. A significant positive correlation was found between the percentage weight lost and the percentage decrease in emergence time from a refuge after food deprivation and similarly between the percentage weight gained and the percentage increase in refuge use after re-feeding. The relationship between energy turnover and behavioural strategies is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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