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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Archaeology: Investigation on the Copper–Aluminum–Silicon–Oxygen System (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of the Cu-Al-Si-O system was investigated in the temperature range of 800°–1150°C. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, diffusive reflectance, and electron microscopy were applied to obtain information about the influence of sintering, crystallization, and chemical reaction, each of which determines the color of the material. Definition of the artificial term “engobe,” opposite to the term “glaze,” was possible using copper(II) oxide (CuO) as its indicator. The detected chemical processes render possible explanations about the traditional way of ceramic painting during the 16th century and support the knowledge transfer from the viewpoint of history and that of natural science, as attempted by “archaeometry.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00369.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Collaborative Randomised Amnioinfusion for Meconium project (CRAMP): 2. Zimbabwe (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 105 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To evaluate transcervical amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid during labour.Design Multicentre randomised controlled trial.Setting A large urban academic hospital. Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring was not used.Participants Women in labour at term with moderate or thick meconium staining of the amniotic fluid.Interventions Transcervical amnioinfusion of 500 mL saline over 30 minutes, then 500 mL at 30 drops per minute. The control group received routine care. Blinding of the intervention was not possible.Main outcome measures Caesarean section, meconium aspiration syndrome and perinatal mortality.Results There was no difference in risk for caesarean section in the two groups (amnioinfusion 9.5%vs control 12.3%; RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.53–1.32). Meconium aspiration syndrome was significantly less frequent in the amnioinfusion group (3.1%vs 12.8%; RR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12–0.48), and there was a trend towards fewer perinatal deaths (1.2%vs 3.6%; RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.11–1.06).Conclusions Amnioinfusion is technically feasible in a developing country situation with limited intrapartum facilities. In this study amnioinfusion for meconium stained amniotic fluid was associated with striking improvements in perinatal outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10092.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The toroid cavity autoclave for high-pressure and variable-temperature in situ nuclear magnetic resonance studies (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 1259-1266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The toroid cavity autoclave (TCA) is a coaxial nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) resonator and high-pressure autoclave for in situ NMR studies, which combines the advantages of a toroid NMR detector with the features of a cylindrical metal pressure vessel. It is designed to fit within the limited space of a standard NMR narrow-bore cryomagnet and allows for recording high resolution NMR spectra during chemical reactions under high pressure. Compounds that, for example, initiate a reaction can be injected into the reactor through a nonreturn valve even if the TCA is already pressurized. The TCA is heated by a resistive, coaxial heating arrangement that does not generate any stray magnetic field in the sample volume. Current pressure and temperature capabilities are 0–300 bar and room temperature to 150 °C, respectively. With standard 200 MHz 1H NMR experiments, signal resolution of 0.55 Hz and signal-to-noise ratios comparable to those of standard NMR probes were achieved. In a further development, the TCA is optimized for gas/liquid reactions in which gaseous components are vigorously mixed with the liquid to obtain maximum reaction rates. Applications to parahydrogen induced polarization are shown, in which the nuclear spin polarization patterns show pairwise addition of hydrogen in both liquid organic solvents and in supercritical CO2. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1447306
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human T-Cell Response to Meningococcal Immunoglobulin A1 Protease Associated α-Proteins (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 51 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A unique feature of the immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease from pathogenic Neisseriae, i.e. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae, is its co-secretion with an amphipathic α-protein. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the respective igaα gene region in 48 meningococcal strains revealed that this protein domain is conserved throughout all isolates in four different principal variants. Despite strain-dependent size and sequence variations, sequence analysis showed common structural characteristics. More than 80% of the amino acid sequence of all α-proteins is dependent on the five amino acids Q, E, A, K and R, resulting in a pI 〉 10. The sequences are highly conserved at the N-terminus and the C-terminus and contain long amphipathic α-helical stretches. These stretches have a strong probability of forming coiled coil conformations and comprise short repetitive sequence modules with pronounced similarities to T-cell epitopes. We therefore analyzed the T-cell response of 20 volunteer blood donors to four peptides, representing such predicted epitopes, and a recombinant meningococcal α-protein. Sixteen donors reacted against at least one peptide after culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in interleukin (IL)-2-rich medium, while two individuals showed a positive reaction only against an IgA1 protease-derived control peptide. From one donor, we established and maintained T-cell clones specific for purified α-protein. Characterization of the T-cell clones revealed a CD3- and a CD4-positive phenotype and the secretion of IL-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), but not of IL-4. This indicates an important role of α-proteins during meningococcal carriage and neisserial infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00670.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and nuclear transport of Neisseria IgA1 protease-associated α-proteins in human cells (1995)
    Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL, UK : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    Molecular microbiology 17 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pathogenic Neisseria species, the causative agents of gonorrhoea and bacterial meningitis, encode a family of polymorphic exo-proteins which are autoproteolytically processed into several distinct extracellular components, including an IgA1 protease and an α-protein. IgA1 protease, a putative virulence determinant, is a sequence-specific endopeptidase known to cleave human IgA1, but additional target proteins have been postulated. The physical linkage of IgA1 protease and a-protein suggests a functional relationship of both precursor components. Previous work has shown that α-protein is essential neither for extracellular transport nor for the proteolytic activity of IgA1 protease. Intriguingly, α-proteins carry amino acid sequences reminiscent of nuclear location signals of viral and eukaryotic proteins. Here we demonstrate the functionality of these nuclear location signal sequences in transfected eukaryotic cells. Chimeric α-proteins show nuclear transport and selectively associate with nucleolar structures. More importantly, native purified α-proteins are capable of entering certain human primary cells from the exterior via an endocytotic route and accumulate in the nuclei. The neisserial α-proteins share several features with eukaryotic transcription factors, such as the formation of dimers via a heptad repeat sequence. We propose a role for a-proteins in the regulation of host-cell functions. As the α-proteins are covalently connected with IgA1 protease they may also serve as carriers for the IgA1 protease into human cells where additional proteolytic targets may exist. Neisseria meningitidis, which locally colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa of many human individuals without apparently causing symptoms, secretes this nucleus-targeted factor in large quantities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_17061073.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-reactivity between
T cells and bacteria (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00302.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing the Extent of Sequence Similarity Among Viroids, Satellite RNAs, and Hepatitis Delta Virus (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 50 (2000), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Viroids — Satellite RNAs — Hepatitis delta virus — Monte Carlo simulation — Sequence similarity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A Monte Carlo method was used to test the extent of sequence similarity among viroids, satellite RNAs, and hepatitis delta virus. This analysis revealed that there is insufficient sequence similarity among these pathogens to support the hypothesis that they have a common evolutionary origin. Furthermore, while definite patterns of sequence similarity were observed among some viroids, there was a clear lack of overall similarity, indicating that a monophyletic origin for even this group cannot be reliably supported from sequence data alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002399910011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erklären und Verstehen in der Psychiatrie (1998)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 386-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Erklären ; Verstehen ; Erkenntnislehre ; Theorie der Psychiatrie ; Key words Explanantion ; Understanding ; Epistemology ; Theory of psychiatry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The philosophical debate on explanation and understanding also led to basic methodological reflections in psychiatry. Subsuming one fact under a general law is the characteristic feature of scientific explanations. In this way, deductive conclusions can be achieved with a high degree of objectivity. Hermeneutical understanding makes way for interpretations in front of a given theoretical matrix. On the other hand, sympathetic understanding is a matter of conceiving single-part items as a consequence of other singular aspects (e.g., tracing back an action to an intention). If one understands the growth of knowledge as a rational and critical process, it seems no more justified to insist on exclusive methodologically based positions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die philosophische Debatte um Erklären und Verstehen hat auch zu grundsätzlichen methodischen Reflexionen in der Psychiatrie geführt. Kennzeichnend für wissenschaftliche Erklärungen ist die Subsumtion eines Einzelsachverhaltes unter eine allgemeine Regel. Auf diese Weise erhält man deduktiv Schlußfolgerungen mit einem hohen Grad an Objektivität. Beim nachfühlenden Verstehen geht es darum, Einzelsachverhalte als Folge anderer singulärer Momente zu begreifen (z.B. die Zurückführung einer Handlung auf eine Intention). Hermeneutisches Verstehen ermöglicht hingegen Interpretationen vor dem Hintergrund einer gegebenen theoretischen Matrix. Betrachtet man den Fortschritt des Wissens insgesamt als einen rationalen und kritischen Prozeß, dann erscheinen allerdings methodenzentrierte Standpunkte nicht mehr plausibel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050287
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonismus in vivo von fluoreszierenden Pseudomonaden gegenüber Rhizoctonia solani und Pythium aphanidermatum an Gurken und Buschbohnen (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 68 (1995), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fluoreszierende Pseudomonaden, die sich als Antagonistenin vitro gegenüberRhizoctonia solani undPythium aphanidermatum erwiesen haben, wurden an Gurken und Bohnen auf Antagonismusin vivo untersucht. Die Effizienz der Antagonisten in Auflaufversuchen gegenüberR. solani war niedriger als beiP. aphanidermatum. Die besten Isolate konnten in mitR. solani verseuchter Erde Auflaufraten von 30–40% erzielen, gegenüberP. aphanidermatum dagegen 40–60%. Die Wirkung der Antagonisten zur Verhütung von Spätinfektionen der Pflanzen war deutlich besser. So konnten 16 Isolate eine Schädigung durchR. solani an Bohnen zwischen 90 und 100% reduzieren. An Gurken konnten 12 Isolate eine Schädigung durchP. aphanidermatum auf 70–80% reduzieren.
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescent pseudomonads, which showed antagonism in vitro against Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum, were investigated for antagonism in vivo using bean and cucumber. The efficiency of the antagonists in germination tests against Rhizoctonia solani was lower than against Pythium aphanidermatum. In soil infected with Rhizoctonia solani the germination rates of the seeds remained between 30 and 40%, whereas against Phytium aphanidermatum some Pseudomonas-strains caused germination rates of 40–60%. The preventive effect of the antagonists against fungal infection after the germination was better. 16 isolates reduced the damage caused by Rhizoctonia solani to bean between 90 and 100%. Damage caused by Pythium aphanidermatum to cucumber was reduced by 12 antagonists between 70 and 80%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01980347
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hollow Porous Particles in Metered Dose Inhalers (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 168-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: asthma ; pulmonary drug delivery ; metered dose inhaler ; particle engineering ; spray-drying ; suspensions ; HFA-134a
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To assess the physical stability and aerosol characteristicsof suspensions of hollow porous microspheres (PulmoSpheres™) inHFA-134a. Methods. Cromolyn sodium, albuterol sulfate, and formoterol fumaratemicrospheres were prepared by a spray-drying method. Particle sizeand morphology were determined via electron microscopy. Particleaggregation and suspension creaming times were assessed visually,and aerosol performance was determined via Andersen cascadeimpaction and dose uniformity studies. Results. The hollow porous particle morphology allows the propellantto permeate freely within the particles creating a novel form ofsuspension termed a homodispersion™, wherein the dispersed and continuousphases are identical, separated by an insoluble interfacial layer of drugand excipient. Homodispersion formation improves suspension stabilityby minimizing the difference in density between the particles andthe medium, and by reducing attractive forces between particles. Theimproved physical stability leads to excellent dose uniformity. Excellentaerosolization efficiencies are also observed with PulmoSpheresformulations, with fine particle fractions of about 70%. Conclusions. The formation of hollow porous particles provides anew formulation technology for stabilizing suspensions of drugs inhydrofluoroalkane propellants with improved physical stability, contentuniformity, and aerosolization efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007513213292
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