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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoluminescence and electroluminescence of ZnS:Cu nanocrystals in polymeric networks (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2335-2337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: ZnS:Cu nanocrystals were synthesized in polymeric networks. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and atomic absorption data show that the Zn and Cu ion mass contents were about 8.2% and 0.12%, respectively. The particle size of ZnS:Cu nanocrystals was about 3.0 nm, measured by UV-vis spectrum. Due to the quantum size effects, the band gap energy of ZnS nanocrystals was about 4.2 eV. Compared with the photoluminescence of ZnS which peaks at 390 nm, the photoemission of ZnS:Cu/polymer thin films was peaking at 415 nm because of Cu acting as luminescent centers. The ZnS:Cu/polymer was also used to fabricate light-emitting diode (LED), as the emitting layer of LED, the blue light of electroluminescence was observed at room temperature, and its turn-on voltage was less than 4 V. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118866
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and characteristics of ZnS nanocrystals/polymer composite doped with tetraphenylbenzidine single layer structure light-emitting diode (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 377-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The hexagonal ZnS nanocrystals were synthesized in polymer matrix. The ZnS polymer composite doped with tetraphenylbenzidine (TPB) as light-emitting layer was used to fabricate a single layer structure light-emitting diode which has a low turn on voltage such as 2.5 V. The electroluminescence spectrum was obtained at room temperature. Owing to the effect that TPB interacted with ZnS nanocrystal to form the luminescent center, the emission was peaking at 520 nm which shifts to the lower energy compared with that of ZnS, and the half-width of the emission was about 20 nm. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118066
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blue luminescence from amorphous GaN nanoparticles synthesized in situ in a polymer (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2262-2264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous GaN nanoparticles were synthesized by the in situ thermal decomposition of cyclotrigallazane incorporated into a polystyrene–poly(N,N-dimethyl-4-vinylaniline) copolymer. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that the composite material consists of amorphous GaN nanoparticles (average diameter ∼40 nm) well dispersed in the copolymer. The photoluminescence spectra show blue light emission from the amorphous GaN nanoparticles, peaked at ∼426 nm. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123819
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A universal characterization of nonlinear self-oscillation and chaos in various particle-wave-wall interactions (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1445-1447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The comprehensive parameter space of self-oscillation and its period-doubling route to chaos are shown for bounded beam-plasma systems. In this parametrization, it is helpful to use a potentially universal parameter in close analogy with free-electron-laser chaos. A common parameter, which is related to the velocity slippage and the ratio of bounce to oscillation frequencies, is shown to have similar significance for different physical systems. This single parameter replaces the dependences on many input parameters, thus suitable for a simplifying and diagnostic measure of nonlinear dynamical and chaotic phenomena for various systems of particle-wave interactions. The results of independent kinetic simulations verify those of nonlinear fluid simulations. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120589
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gm (23) allotypes and Fcγ receptor genotypes as risk factors for various forms of periodontitis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: Given the diversity of the distribution of the Gm (23) allotypes and FcγR genotypes in different ethnic groups, it was our purpose to examine their clinical significance in periodontitis in Taiwan.Material & Methods: Genomic DNA of 50 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 30 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AP) and 74 healthy controls were harvested. The Gm (23) allotypes were determined by radial immunodiffusion test, and the FcγR IIa (CD32) and IIIb (CD16) genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-based allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization.Results: The overall carrier rate of the Gm (23+) allotype was higher than 85%, and the Gm (23−) allotype was statistically over-represented in patients with CP compared to the controls. There were no differences in the distributions of the three genotypes of FcγR IIa and IIIb among the three tested groups. The frequency of the R131 allele of the FcγR IIa polymorphisms was higher in G-AP than in CP when R/H allelic frequencies (p=0.01) were examined by the χ2 test.Conclusion: The Gm (23−) allotype might be a potential risk factor for CP. Although the R131 allele of FcγR IIa occurred more frequently in G-AP than in CP, its clinical significance could not be justified in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.2003.00409.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The investigation of glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-1β in gingival crevicular fluid: implications for oxidative stress in human periodontal diseases (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 39 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Human periodontal diseases are inflammatory disorders that are the result of complex interactions between periodontopathogens and the host's immune response. Two important and interrelated factors are involved in the pathophysiological progression of periodontal diseases, i.e. the activation of immune system and the production of oxygen radicals and their related metabolites. Increased production of oxygen radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, which is reported to be involved in many diseases, including periodontal diseases.Objectives:  The objective of this study was to investigate glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase, which play an essential role in free radical production and defenses, and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is important in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory reactions in human periodontal diseases.Methods:  Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from 27 subjects, 19 periodontitis patients and eight healthy controls, ranging in ages from 24 to 62 years. Clinical parameters were recorded. GCF glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and IL-1β were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).Results:  The periodontitis sites exhibited significantly greater total amount of glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and IL-1β than healthy sites. Total amount of glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and IL-1β was positively correlated with plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and probing attachment level (p 〈 0.05).Conclusion:  The imbalance between the levels of myeloperoxidase/IL-1β and glutathione peroxidase/lactoferrin could result in tissue damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in periodontitis which is initiated and perpetuated by the chronic insults of periodontopathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00744.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin G profiles in different forms of periodontitis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 38 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Races and Gm(23) allotypes can modify the serum levels of IgG subclasses. The average serum levels of IgG subclasses of African-Americans have been reported to be higher than those of Caucasians in both healthy young adults and patients with aggressive periodontitis; Gm(23)-positive subjects generally had higher IgG2 levels than Gm(23)-negative subjects.Objective:  We examined serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in Taiwanese patients with different forms of periodontitis.Methods:  The serum levels of four IgG subclasses were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Gm(23) allotypes were verified by radial immunodiffusion tests in 50 patients with chronic periodontitis, 30 patients with aggressive periodontitis, and 74 healthy controls.Results:  There were no differences in the concentrations of four IgG subclasses in patients with chronic periodontitis compared with age-matched controls. However, in subjects younger than 35 years, levels of IgG2 were significantly elevated in patients with aggressive periodontitis compared with controls. We also found significant differences in IgG2 levels within the control group when stratified by age (≤ 35 years and 〉 35 years). Gm(23) allotypes were not correlated with the serum levels of IgG2 in either patient group.Conclusion:  Microbial challenge might not provoke significant changes in systemic IgG response in patients with chronic periodontitis. However, in patients with aggressive periodontitis, IgG2 levels were increased when compared with age-matched controls. Gm(23) allotypes had no influence on IgG2 levels in well-established generalized chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2003.00675.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan: an endemic betel quid chewing area (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 31 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Orapharyngeal cancer is the one of the most common cancers in the world. The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in oropharyngeal cancer from 1979 to 1996 in Taiwan.Methods:  Traditional cohort analysis was employed to show the birth-cohort effect of oropharyngeal cancer incidence. Age-period-cohort model analysis was used to examine the age, period and cohort effect between intraoral and pharyngeal cancer.Result:  A significant increasing trend in oropharyngeal cancer has been seen in males. The principal increases have been seen in tongue and mouth in males, and tongue in females. In males, an increasing trend was found in successive cohorts born after 1929. The increase in incidence of intraoral cancer of males was greater than the increase in incidence of pharyngeal cancer in the younger age group, more recent time periods and the younger cohorts.Conclusion:  The increasing incidence in oropharyngeal cancer in Taiwan is probably heavily influenced by the rising consumption of alcohol and use of betel quid. The effect of these etiologies on intraoral cancer was more significant in recent time periods, later cohorts and the younger group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2002.310404.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of arecoline, safrole, and nicotine on collagen phagocytosis by human buccal mucosal fibroblasts as a possible mechanism for oral submucous fibrosis in Taiwan (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 33 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is associated with the betel quid chewing habit, and 86% of betel quid chewers in Taiwan are also smokers. Arecoline and safrole are major principles in the composition of betel quid, and nicotine is the main toxic ingredient of cigarettes.Methods:  To explore the pathogenesis of OSF, flow cytometry was used to compare collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts from the normal and the OSF region of the same 15 OSF patients.Results:  The results indicated that heterogeneity of fibroblasts existed because collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts from the normal region was higher than from the OSF region in the same patient. The percentage of phagocytic cells was significantly inhibited by 10, 25 and 50 μg/ml arecoline, safrole and nicotine in normal fibroblast cultures, respectively, and the percentage of phagocytic cells was significantly reduced by 25, 25 and 50 μg/ml arecoline, safrole and nicotine in OSF fibroblast cultures, respectively. Collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts exhibited prominent dose-dependent inhibition as the concentration of arecoline, safrole, and nicotine increased. Besides, nicotine had a synergistic effect on arecoline- or safrole-inhibited collagen phagocytosis.Conclusions:  The present study concludes that even in the same person, the collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts is different between normal and OSF region. The deficiency in collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts of the lesion might participate in the pathogenesis of OSF. Arecoline, safrole and nicotine, which are released in saliva during BQ chewing plus cigarette smoking, inhibit collagen phagocytosis by fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner and may induce OSF formation in Taiwan's patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.2004.00229.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological survey of oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia in aborigines of Taiwan (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 30 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A population-based survey was designed to investigate the prevalence of areca/betel quid chewing, oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia in a typical aboriginal community of southern Taiwan. Three hundred and twelve people 20 years of age or older were collected in the study. The prevalence of chewing areca/betel quid was 69.5%, with an average of 17.3 portions a day for an average 24.4 years. More women (78.7%) than men (60.6%) chewed areca/betel quid. The prevalences of oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia were 17.6% and 24.4%, respectively. It was found that the odds ratio for chewing areca/betel quid and having at least one of the above oral mucosal lesions was 8.21. Any additional smoking or drinking habits were not significant for having oral mucosal lesions. Although the areca/betel quid in Taiwan does not contain any tobacco, a significant association was still identified between areca/betel quid chewing and oral mucosal lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0714.2001.300404.x
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