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  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic Connections Between Spiny Neurons of the Direct and Indirect Pathways in the Neostriatum of the Rat: Evidence from Dopamine Receptor and Neuropeptide Immunostaining (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The flow of cortical information through the basal ganglia occurs through the so-called ‘direct pathway’ and ‘indirect pathways’. The object of the present work was to attempt to determine whether spiny neurons in the neostriatum that give rise to the direct pathway (i.e. the striatonigral/entopeduncular pathway) and those giving rise to the indirect pathways (i.e. striatopallidal pathway) are synaptically interconnected. The approach was to carry out double immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level using antibodies against peptides or dopamine receptor subtypes that are selectively associated with the neurons that give rise to the direct (substance P or D1 receptors) and indirect pathways (enkephalin or D2 receptors). Sections of perfuse-fixed rat neostriatum were immunostained to reveal both substance P immunoreactivity and D2 receptor immunoreactivity or enkephalin and D1 receptor immunoreactivity, respectively. Double peroxidase methods were employed using different chromogens that were distinguishable at both the light and electron microscopic levels. In the electron microscope substance P-immunoreactive terminals were seen in synaptic contact with dendritic structures that displayed immunoreactivity for D2 receptor. Similarly, enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals were seen in synaptic contact with D1-immunoreactive dendritic structures. Thus, axon collaterals of neurons giving rise to the direct pathway form synaptic contacts with neurons that give rise to the indirect pathway and axon collaterals of neurons giving rise to the indirect pathway form synaptic contact with neurons that give rise to the direct pathway. These results indicate that the two pathways of information flow through the basal ganglia are synaptically linked at the level of the neostriatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01573.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecotoxicological Assessment of Persistent Organic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Hong Kong Coastal Sediment (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 486-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of the present project is to determine the feasibility of measuring hepatic cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and metallothionein (MT) mRNA in fish as an integrative measurement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metal contamination in sediment arising in Hong Kong. Sediment samples were collected from different sites, including Victoria Harbour (VS6), Yim Tin Tsai (YTT) at Tolo Harbour, Mai Po marshes (MPM) at Deep Bay, and Southern Waters (SS6) of coastal waters. The samples were analyzed for total and extractable concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb, as well as PCBs and PAHs. In addition, biomarker responses were studied in tilapia exposed experimentally to coastal sediment for 7 days. Using RT-PCR technique, hepatic CYP1A1 and MT mRNA were measured. Three control groups were used, including one negative control group maintained in sea water only; the second and third positive control groups were in sea water but were intraperitoneally injected with either β-naphthoflavone (40 μg/g body weight) or cadmium chloride (10 μg/g body weight), respectively. The chemical data showed that VS6, YTT, and MPM were classified as Class C sediment according to the sediment quality criteria defined by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, indicating the sites were heavily polluted. The exposure of tilapia to the sediment induced hepatic CYP1A1 (VS6 〉 YTT 〉 MPM 〉 SS6) and MT (VS6 〉 MPM 〉 YTT 〉 SS6) levels. The induction patterns were comparable to the levels of POPs and metal contamination in the sediment, indicating that the biomarker responses could be used to differentiate low to high levels of contamination among sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910064
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer simulation on reconstruction of 3-D flame temperature distribution (2000)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 26 (2000), S. 478-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  To measure non-symmetric unsteady three dimensional temperature distribution in flame by simple, economic, fast and accurate means, and to apply a priori information to the measurement both sufficiently and efficiently, we conducted computer simulations. Simulation results proved that finite series-expansion reconstruction method is more suitable for measurement of temperature distribution in flame than transform method which is widely used in medical scanning and nondestructive testing. By comparing errors of simulations with different numbers of views, different domain shapes, different numbers of projections per view, different angles of views and different grid shapes, etc., we find that circle domain, triangular grid and sufficient number of projections per view, can improve the accuracy in the reconstruction of 3-D temperature distribution with limited views. With six views, errors caused by reconstruction computation are reduced, they are smaller than those caused by measurement. Therefore, a comparatively better means of measuring 3-D temperature distribution in flame with limited projection views by emission tomography is achieved. Experimental results also showed that the method we used was appropriate for measurement of 3-D temperature distribution with limited number of views [1].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660000197
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and polymorphism in real-time monitoring and control systems (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 11 (2000), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: SCADA ; HOOD ; real-time monitoring and control ; control C++ ; inheritance ; polymorphism.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Most recent researches into an object oriented design approach for the development of real-time Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications have concentrated on object identification and object classification. These techniques, however, may only be considered as an object-based paradigm. In the true object-oriented paradigm, object characteristics such as data encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism must also be considered. This paper introduces a design paradigm for developing a SCADA system through the true object oriented design methodology. To complete the design, a hierarchical object-oriented design (HOOD) tree is used to map the physical shop floor layout to a logical layout for formulating the basic object hierarchy. The active components and control logic in the SCADA models are manipulated by a newly derived script language called CONTROL-C++ proposed by the author. To verify the proposed model, a newly designed software system is implemented and justified in terms of system completeness and soundness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008927520325
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    W-band gunn second subharmonically locked oscillator (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 17 (1996), S. 1947-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: Millimeter wave ; phase-locked ; Gunn ; Oscillator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the averaging method is used to analyse the performance of second subharmonically injection locked Gunn oscillator. Some useful expressions such as the locking range, output response, output impedance of nonlinear device in fundamental and subharmonic frequency are obtained. a W — band subharmonically locked Gunn oscillator is developed and experimental result demonstrates the validity of this analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069468
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    W-band 1/3 frequency dividers (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 17 (1996), S. 1937-1945 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this article the theoretical and experimental performances of a Gunn harmonically synchronized frequency divider are presented. The results show that such a divider has a 96-32GHz division, with 15-mW output power over the operating band greater than 1400MHz at 10-mW input power level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02069467
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological recovery of two previously acidified, metal-contaminated lakes near Sudbury Ontario, Canada (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 791-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: recovery ; acid lake ; smelter ; copper ; nickel ; sulphate ; Rhizosolenia ; Cosmarium ; Bosmina ; Chydorus ; Chaoborus ; rotifers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Studies are reported on two small lakes at Sudbury, Ontario located close to a nickel-copper smelter which closed in 1972. At that stage, Baby Lake had a pH of 4.0–4.2 while the adjacent Alice Lake had a pH 5.9–6.3. Both lakes were almost entirely devoid of algae and had neither Zooplankton nor fish. Soon after the closure of the smelter, with its large airborne volume of sulphur dioxide and of copper and nickel containing particulates, the chemistry of the lakes began to change. By 1985, Baby Lake had changed from pH 4.0 to 6.8 and is now at pH 7.2. The pH of Alice Lake increased from a low of 5.9 in the early 1970s to 6.9–7.4 in the mid 1980s and is now at 7.3. Copper and nickel concentrations also decreased in both lakes during this period. The first biota found in the lakes in the post-smelter stage in the early 1980s were benthic red chironomids, planktonic rotifers, and a limited number of phytoplankton species, of which Rhizosolenia was the most common. By the 1990s, 13 phytoplankton species were present in each lake, with a substantial Zooplankton fauna (14 species) of rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans. There are now numerous insect larvae in the sediment and some small fish in both lakes. The biological recovery, which followed substantial reductions in acidity and in soluble nickel and copper concentrations in the waters, is a slower process than chemical recovery and is initially characterized by the dominance of a few species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00476926
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolesioning of Glutamate Receptor GluR1-Containing Neurons in the Rat Neostriatum Using a Novel Immunotoxin (2000)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 20 (2000), S. 483-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: basal ganglia ; AMPA-type glutamate receptor ; ribosome inactivating protein ; trichosanthin ; immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. To investigate the potency of a novel immunotoxin that is specific for glutamate receptor GluR1, a subunit of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA)-type receptor channel, immunolesioning was performed. 2. A ribosome-inactivating protein, trichosanthin (TCS), was isolated and conjugated to the goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody molecule. The anti-rabbit antibody–TCS complex was preincubated with GluR1-specific rabbit antibody to produce a GluR1-specific immunotoxin. The immunotoxin was unilaterally administered into either the neostriatum or the lateral ventricle of rats. 3. Immunoreactivity for GluR1 or GluR4 was revealed in perfuse-fixed sections of the neostriatum obtained from the lesioned and control animals by immunocytochemistry. After ventricular or striatal injections of the immunotoxin, depletions of GluR1-immunoreactive neurons, the presumed GABAergic interneurons in the neostriatum, were found. Depletions of GluR4-immunoreactive perikarya, the presumed same subpopulation of striatal interneurons, were also found. In addition, no change in the pattern of distribution of immunoreactivity for GluR2 or glial fibrillary acidic protein was found in the lesioned neostriatum. These results indicate that the novel GluR1 immunotoxin is potent and specific. 4. In addition, striatal application of the immunotoxin caused a greater depletion in the number of GluR1-immunoreactive neurons. The present results also indicate that the route of immunotoxin application may be important in producing specific lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007023131503
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