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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Chemotaxis by Bacillus subtilis requires the inter-acting chemotaxis proteins CheC and CheD. In this study, we show that CheD is absolutely required for a behavioural response to proline mediated by McpC but is not required for the response to asparagine mediated by McpB. We also show that CheC is not required for the excitation response to asparagine stimulation but is required for adaptation while asparagine remains complexed with the McpB chemoreceptor. CheC displayed an interaction with the histidine kinase CheA as well as with McpB in the yeast two-hybrid assay, suggesting that the mechanism by which CheC affects adaptation may result from an interaction with the receptor–CheA complex. Furthermore, CheC was found to be related to the family of flagellar switch proteins comprising FliM and FliY but is not present in many proteobacterial genomes in which CheD homologues exist. The distinct physiological roles for CheC and CheD during B. subtilis chemotaxis and the observation that CheD is present in bacterial genomes that lack CheC indicate that these proteins can function independently and may define unique pathways during chemotactic signal transduction. We speculate that CheC interacts with flagellar switch components and dissociates upon CheY-P binding and subsequently interacts with the receptor complex to facilitate adaptation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Asparagine chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis appears to involve two partially redundant adaptation mechanisms: a receptor methylation-independent process that operates at low attractant concentrations and a receptor methylation-dependent process that is required for optimal responses to high concentrations. In order to elucidate these processes, chemotactic responses were assessed for strains expressing methylation-defective mutations in the asparagine receptor, McpB, in which all 10 putative receptors (10del), five receptors (5del) or only the native copy of mcpB were deleted. This was done in both the presence and the absence of the methylesterase CheB. We found that: (i) only responses to high concentrations of asparagine were impaired; (ii) the presence of all heterologous receptors fully compensated for this defect, whereas responses progressively worsened as more receptors were taken away; (iii) methyl-group turnover occurred on heterologous receptors after the addition of asparagine, and these methylation changes were required for the restoration of normal swimming behaviour; (iv) in the absence of the methyleste-rase, the presence of heterologous receptors in some cases caused impaired chemotaxis; and (v) either a certain threshold number of receptors must be present to promote basal CheA activity, or one or more of the receptors missing in the 10del background (but present in the 5del background) is required for establishing basal CheA activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that many or all chemoreceptors work as an ensemble that constitutes a robust chemotaxis system. We propose that the ability of non-McpB receptors to compensate for the methylation-defective McpB mutations involves lateral transmission of the adapted conformational change across the ensemble.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Bacterial aerotaxis is a rapid response towards or away from oxygen. Here we report on the use of computer-assisted motion analysis coupled to flash photolysis of caged oxygen to quantify aerotactic responses in bacteria. The caged compound (μ-peroxo)(μ-hydroxo)bis[bis(bipyridyl) cobalt(III)] perchlorate liberates molecular oxygen upon irradiation with near-UV light. A mixture of cells and the caged oxygen compound was placed in a capillary tube and challenged by discrete stimuli of molecular oxygen produced by photolysis. We then recorded the rate of change of direction (rcd) as an estimate of tumble frequency in response to liberated oxygen and measured the signal processing (excitation) times in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus halodurans and Escherichia coli. This computer-assisted caged oxygen assay gives a unique physiological profile of different aerotaxis transducers in bacteria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Peutz-Jeghers (PJ) syndrome is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by melanocytic macules of the lips, multiple gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps and an increased risk for various neoplasms, including gastrointestinal cancer. The PJ gene was recently mapped to chromosome 19p13.3 by ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 108 (1996), S. 1647-1651 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Schlagwort(e): Amide ; Festkörperstrukturen ; Lithiumverbindungen ; NMR-Spektroskopie ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 1471-1477 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Germanium amides ; dynamic processes intramolecular ; phase transition solid-solution ; 13C CP/MAS temperature dependent ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Structures and Intramolecular Motions of Special Polycyclic Germanium(II) AmidesCompounds of the general formula MeSi(NtBu)3Ge2X (X = Cl (1), N(SiMe3)2 (2), P(C6H5)2 (3)) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray structure analyses and multinuclear NMR-spectroscopy. The temperature dependent NMR investigations of 2 in solution show bond fluctuations concerning the metal-nitrogen bonds and ElMe3 (El = C, Si) rotations. Some of these intramolecular motions also occur in the solid state as detected by means of temperature dependent 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. The special nature of these NMR spectroscopically detected movements in solution are compared with the results of the X-ray structure analyses. A model of the dynamical behaviour of 2 in solution suggests a quasi circular movement of the two germanium atoms within the molecular cage. After the phase transition from solution to the solid state at ambient temperature this special metal fluctuation is stopped. In the solid state the rotations of the SiMe3 groups in 2 are only hindered at low temperatures.
    Notizen: Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel MeSi(NtBu)3Ge2X (X = Cl (1), N(SiMe3)2 (2), P(C6H5)2 (3)) wurden neu dargestellt und mittels Röntgenbeugung und Multikern-NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Die temperaturabhängig durchgeführten NMR-Untersuchungen von 2 in Lösung zeigen das Vorhandensein von Bindungsfluktuationen der Metall - Stickstoff-Bindungen, sowie Rotationen der ElMe3 (El = C, Si)-Gruppen an. Einige dieser intramolekularen Bewegungen können mit Hilfe der temperaturvariablen 13C CP/MAS NMR-Spektroskopie auch im Festkörper nachgewiesen werden. Die spezielle Natur der NMR-spektroskopisch detektierten Bewegungen in Lösung wird den Resultaten der Röntgenstrukturanalysen gegenübergestellt. Ein Modell des dynamischen Verhaltens von 2 in Lösung postuliert eine quasi kreisförmige Bewegung der beiden Germaniumatome innerhalb des Molekülkäfigs. Diese spezielle Metallfluktuation wird nach dem Phasenübergang in den festen Zustand bei Raumtemperatur zum Stillstand gebracht. Die Rotationen der SiMe3-Gruppen in 2 werden im festen Zustand lediglich bei tiefen Temperaturen gehindert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 35 (1996), S. 1529-1533 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Schlagwort(e): amides ; lithium compounds ; NMR spectroscopy ; solid-state structures ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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