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  • 1
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    The use of Simulation Techniques in Developing Kinetic Models for Polymerizations (2003)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-20
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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    OPUS
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annealing of silicon implanted by a high dose of cobalt ions investigated by in situ x-ray diffraction (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1590-1596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A silicon wafer was implanted by a high dose of cobalt ions. Afterwards it was annealed in situ while grazing incidence x-ray diffraction measurements in a temperature range up to 690 °C were carried out. The formation of cobalt disilicide (CoSi2) precipitates starts during implantation. The annealing dependence of the precipitate growth, of strain relaxation, and of improvements of the silicide crystallinity was determined. We got an activation energy of (0.47±0.08) eV for the observed annealing process. The result is a buried cobalt disilicide layer with very rough interfaces. The film quality can be improved by a subsequent annealing at about 1000 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354832
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of three-dimensional range distributions by a modified tomographic technique (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 958-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: First, an overview of the present state of art of imaging of three-dimensional particle (or damage) distributions in the field of ion implantation is given. Usually, the direct measurement of three-dimensional distributions in the field of ion implantation is restricted to cases when the impinging ion beam diameter is small against the size of the corresponding distributions, i.e., to ion energies above typically 100 MeV and to microbeams of a few μm diameter. To gain information also for lower ion energies without the restriction in the beam diameter, a modified tomographic reconstruction technique has been developed recently by us and is described here in detail. Three-dimensional distributions are reconstructed from a number of one-dimensional depth profiles, implanted under various angles. Competing algorithms for the solution are discussed. For the mathematical technique chosen, some consistency tests are presented. Good accuracy of a sufficient number of input profiles is vital for the quality of the three-dimensional reconstruction
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346660
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of iron in lithium-niobate crystals for the dark-storage time of holograms (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4282-4286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dark decay of holograms stored in iron-doped photorefractive lithium-niobate crystals is studied for samples containing up to 0.25 wt% Fe2O3 (iron concentration 71×1018 cm−3). The oxidation/reduction state of the crystals, i.e., the concentration ratio of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, is changed in a wide range by thermal annealing. The dark decay is attributed to two effects: An ionic dark conductivity arising from mobile protons and an electronic dark conductivity caused by tunneling of electrons between iron sites. The latter is proportional to the effective trap density, i.e., to the density of charge carriers which can be moved between the iron sites. The proportionality factor is the specific dark conductivity which increases exponentially with the third root of the entire iron concentration. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289814
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of heavy ion sources at GSI : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 406-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the heavy ion accelerator Unilac Penning ionization gauge (PIG) ion sources are used to deliver multiply charged ions (〈10+) of nearly any element of the periodic table. Typical operational ion currents are given. In the future electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources will play a dominant role for the Unilac. The development of a new 14-GHz ECR ion source for very high charge states (〈28+ ) was carried out by Centre d'Études Nucléaires de Grenoble at Grenoble for a new Unilac injector. For the new heavy ion synchrotron Schwen Ionen synchrotron higher ion currents than those available from the PIG sources are required. The high current source CHORDIS was developed at Gesellschaft für schwerionenforschung (GSI) to deliver singly charged ions in the 10–100 mA range. In comparison to CHORDIS a Metal vapor vacuum arc ion source is being studied at GSI in cooperation with Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Typical operation conditions and ion yields are given for the different ion sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141254
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the submillimeter absorptivity of high Tc superconductors by photothermal interference spectroscopy (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3476-3478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the study of the submillimeter absorptivity of high-Tc superconductors by a new method, the photothermal interference spectroscopy. Absorption in a sample leads to a temperature change of the sample and, by heat transfer, also of a gas volume adjacent to the sample and to a change of refractive index in the gas volume that we detect by an interferometric method. We demonstrate the feasibility of the method by determination of the absorptivity of high-Tc superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ samples for submillimeter radiation at a frequency near 1 THz. The absorptivity shows a peak at Tc, that is most likely due to fluctuation effects, a strong drop below Tc and a finite value at low temperatures, with a peak near 15 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105658
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide-range-tunable laterally coupled distributed feedback lasers based on InGaAsP–InP (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2684-2686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated tunable distributed feedback (DFB) lasers based on InGaAsP quantum wells grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Two-section tunable DFB lasers were fabricated by patterning laterally gain coupling binary superimposed gratings perpendicular to the ridge waveguide. Side mode suppression ratios of up to 42 dB have been achieved. The tuning range covers 25 nm. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1404397
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accurate measurements of the chemical potential of polymeric systems by Monte Carlo simulation (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 4324-4330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a new Monte Carlo method for estimating the chemical potential of model polymer systems. The method is based on the gradual insertion of a penetrable "ghost'' polymer into the system and is effective for large chain lengths and at high densities. Insertion of the ghost chain is facilitated by use of an expanded ensemble, in which weighted transitions are permitted between states characterizing the strength of the excluded volume and thermal interactions experienced by the ghost chain. We discuss the implementation and optimization of the method within the framework of the bond fluctuation model and demonstrate its precision by a calculation of the finite-size corrections to the chemical potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467482
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring the chemical potential of polymer solutions and melts in computer simulations (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 719-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We are presenting a new method to measure the chemical potential of polymer chains in computer simulations which has virtually no limitations in chain length. The method uses a thermodynamic integration over the excluded volume interaction of a ghost chain to determine its excess chemical potential. It is exemplified with a Monte Carlo simulation of the athermal bondflucutation model for various densities and the chain lengths N=20,50,80. Furthermore, the osmotic equation of state and the entropy density are determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466937
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of a pre-operative infusion of Ringer's solution on splanchnic perfusion in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surgical patients develop a fluid deficit during pre-operative starvation. This study examines the effects of pre-operative fluid administration on haemodynamic variables, oxygenation and splanchnic perfusion in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Forty-eight patients were randomised to receive either a pre-operative crystalloid infusion (crystalloid group, n = 24) or no infusion (control group, n = 24). Patients in the crystalloid group received a continuous infusion of Ringer's solution at 1.5 ml.kg−1.h−1 from 22:00 h until induction of anaesthesia the next morning. Immediately before induction of anaesthesia, all patients were given a colloid infusion to increase pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure to similar levels inboth groups. Haemodynamic and oxygenation parameters were measured using invasive cardiovascular monitoring, and splanchnic perfusion was assessed by indocyanine green clearance. Patients in the crystalloid group received a mean (SD) of 1008 (140) ml of Ringer's solution overnight. Patients in the crystalloid group had a higher splanchnic blood flow than the control group before induction of anaesthesia [mean (SD) = 1782 (573) ml.min−1 vs. 1391 (333) ml.min−1, p 〈 0.05]. There were no significant differences in systemic haemodynamic data and global oxygenation parameters between the two groups. Pre-operative infusion of crystalloid appears to result in an improvement in pre-operative splanchnic perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02696.x
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