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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 24 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 23 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The impacts of fish consumption advisories on recreational and subsistence fishing, particularly in fresh waters, have been examined extensively. By contrast, little attention has focused on organized recreational fishing, such as from party and charter boats, and particularly for salt water fish. We interviewed 93 New Jersey boat captains to determine their knowledge about fish consumption advisories, and whether, in their opinion, clients knew of fish consumption advisories, and whether they thought advisories had an effect on recreational fishing and their businesses. Advisories were ranked by captains as a moderate influence on the success of their business, less so than number of fish caught, strength of the economy, overfishing by commercial boats, and management regulations. Only one boat captain had not heard warnings about eating fish, but what captains said they had heard was mixed in its accuracy and completeness. Clients expect captains to know about fish, and about half of boat captains said clients had asked about the safety of eating fish. Captains who felt advisories were affecting their businesses tended to fish for species without high levels of mercury (except for bluefish) or PCBs, the primary contaminants of concern for state advisories and federal advice. However, these captains worked closer to areas (e.g., Raritan Bay complex and New York Harbor) subject to advisories than did other captains, and were more prone to say that management regulations (e.g., fish size, creel limits, seasons) and marketing and advertising by the industry or state were strong influences on the success of their seasons. Comparing captains who thought advisories had some or great effect (60%) versus those reporting “no effect” (40%), there was no difference in the mean percentage of trips targeting high mercury species such as swordfish and shark. Many captains said they would or might post advisories, but 42% of the boat captains said they would not post consumption warnings if the state provided them. The significant portion (at least 15%) of saltwater fishing supported by these businesses suggests that these captains are an important conduit for future risk communication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 61.70 ; 74.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Ultrathin epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ on SrTiO3 prepared by Direct Current (DC) sputtering and pulsed laser deposition were imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to follow the different stages of growth of the thin films. Series of films with thicknesses between 1.2 nm and 12 nm (1–10 monolayers of YBa2Cu3O7−δ) were prepared under identical conditions, optimized with respect to electrical and structural properties, to obtain information on the mechanisms responsible for the formation of growth spirals which are commonly observed in films having a thickness of several 10 nm or more. It could be shown that few layers are formed by a layered growth mode where material is attached laterally to 2D islands which are only one c-axis unit cell in height. In a later stage of growth when about 8–10 layers have been formed, the growth process changes to a mode which is mediated by growth spirals. This could be directly monitored in the AFM images where different defect structures like vertically sheared growth fronts and dendrite-like terraces of stacked islands as well as the resulting growth spirals could be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 311-315 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury were examined in breast feathers of terns nesting on offshore islets near Culebra, Puerto Rico and on Michaelmas Cay and Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Levels of all metals in these tropical terns were predicted to be lower than those of terns nesting in temperate regions, because the tropical species feed offshore of non-industrial areas where contamination should be less than for temperate-nesting species that feed in inshore estuaries near industrialized areas. This prediction was not supported by the evidence. In Puerto Rico, lead and cadmium levels were highest in bridled tern (Sterna anaethetus), and mercury levels were highest in sooty (S. fuscata) and roseate tern (S. dougallii). In Australia, levels of lead and mercury were higher in black noddy (A. minutus) and lower for sooty tern; and cadmium levels were highest for brown noddy (A. stolidus) and sooty tern, and lowest for black noddy. Metal levels for the tropical terns nesting in Puerto Rico and Australia generally were not lower than levels reported for temperate-nesting or mainland nesting birds (except for mercury in Australia).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 351-355 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of five metals and selenium in the breast feathers of known-aged common terns (Sterna hirundo) were examined at a breeding colony in Massachusetts, USA. Concentrations of selenium, chromium, and manganese increased significantly with age among adults (2–21 years old), whereas concentrations of mercury, cadmium, and lead did not. Concentrations of cadmium, selenium and manganese were lower in fledglings (20–23 days old) than in adults. Concentrations of mercury, however, were higher in fledglings than in adults, and concentrations of chromium were higher in fledglings than in young adults, probably reflecting higher exposure to these metals in the breeding area than in the winter quarters where the adults' feathers were grown. At least for mercury, excretion of metals into the feathers at each molt was an efficient protective mechanism, preventing continued accumulation in the body with increasing age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 472-476 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, chromium, and manganese were measured in the hair of opossum (Didelphis virginiana) from Palo Verde, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. This area has some agriculture, but is slated for extensive water development that will increase ecosystem exposure to a variety of agricultural chemicals. Metal levels were generally not inter-correlated except for chromium and lead, chromium and cadmium, and cadmium and lead. There were significant gender differences only for lead and chromium, with the significantly smaller females having higher levels. It is suggested that hair from mammals, particularly abundant ominivores may be useful, bioindicators of environmental quality over a long time period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 254-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We examined the concentrations of lead, cadmium, selenium, chromium, manganese, arsenic, tin, and mercury in the heart, liver, kidney, salt gland, and feathers of adult (n = 10) and young (n = 15) Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis) from Midway Atoll in the north-central Pacific Ocean. Lead poisoning has been reported in some Laysans nesting near buildings on Midway, but other heavy metals have not been examined. We examined tissue distribution of metals by age and gender (adults only). We also examined tissue concentrations in three birds with a droop-wing syndrome characteristic of lead poisoning. We compared metal levels in salt gland (a special excretory organ of marine birds) with those in other tissues. All metals varied significantly across tissues in both adults and chicks, and the relative tissue concentrations were similar in adults and chicks for most metals. Adults had higher levels of most metals in most organs, with significant differences mainly for cadmium (up to 20× higher in kidney and salt gland) and for mercury (17× higher in kidney). However, chicks had significantly higher manganese in liver and arsenic in salt gland. The salt gland had concentrations of most metals (except cadmium, selenium, and mercury) comparable to the kidney levels, which is consistent with it serving as an excretory organ for the cations. Chicks with droop-wings had very elevated levels of lead in their tissue (16.8 ppm in feathers, 14 ppm in liver and kidney), whereas levels of other metals were not significantly different from the apparently normal chicks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 501-508 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of metals and selenium were examined in tissues of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from three lakes in central Florida, in one of which alligators have exhibited reproductive or developmental defects. Our overall objective was to determine whether the levels of metals were sufficiently high to confound the association between chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are elevated in eggs and juvenile plasma, and reproductive impairment. The concentrations of all metals were relatively low compared to those reported for alligators from elsewhere in Florida and the southeastern United States, suggesting that reproductive impairment is not due to metals and that metals pose no health risk to the alligators. We also wanted to determine whether skin, biopsied tail muscle, or tail tip tissue, all easily collected from live alligators, could be used as surrogate measures of internal tissue loads. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in liver were highly correlated with at least one of the three biopsied tissues. Only tin showed no significant positive correlation. No single tissue gave a high prediction of liver levels for all metals, although skin gave the highest correlation for mercury, and tail muscle gave the best overall correlation for lead and cadmium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 78 (1991), S. 219-223 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Static central visual acuity ; Landolt C optotype ; letter chart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The circumstances which can influence the determination of the static central visual acuity are enumerated. The TNO Landolt C chart can be improved. A modified Landolt C letter chart is introduced on which the optotype is presented in 8 different positions, in vertical rows of ten per visual step above visual acuity 0.3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: foliar analysis ; nutrients ; Pinus rigida Mill. ; Pinus rigida × taeda ; Pinus taeda L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Foliar analysis was conducted to determine the differences between macronutrient concentrations and contents of current year's fascicles of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), pitch pine (P. rigida Mill.), and first (F1) and second (F2) generation plantations of the pitch × loblolly hybrid (P. rigida × taeda). No significant differences in foliar P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations were found between any of the species or hybrid families tested. Foliar N concentration differed among F1 families, but not among the F2 families. Foliar N concentrations of loblolly and pitch pine in the F1 plantation were not significantly different. Fascicles of pitch pine tended to be shorter and lighter than those of loblolly pine and the hybrids, and nutrient contents of pitch pine foliage tended to be slightly less. An assessment of site effects on tree growth and nitrogen nutrition in the F1 plantation revealed that the hybrids respond differently to an enriched site. Six of the eight species and hybrids had higher foliar N contents on the better quality site, while four had increased stem volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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