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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the risk of osteoporosis at the menopause: Therapeutic consequences (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. S53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone turnover ; Bone markers ; Bone density ; Risk assessment ; Osteoporosis prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteoporosis prevention programs, based on risk assessment, are an important goal both for individual patients and for improved public health. I have reviewed some of the current approaches to such programs and the major questions which must be answered in order to validate these approaches. In particular, new knowledge concerning the usefulness of markers of bone turnover and of the effectiveness of antiresponsive strategies should greatly improve our ability to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Meanwhile, there is enough information to support the concept that risk assessment should be used to develop a cost-effective prevention program and to guide the approach to therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623437
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostaglandins: Mechanisms of action and regulation of production in bone (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 136-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostaglandins (PGs), particularly PGE2, are produced by bone and have powerful effects on bone metabolism. PGs have an initial, transient, direct inhibitory effect on osteoclast function. However, the major long-term effect in bone organ culture is to stimulate bone resorption by increasing the replication and differentiation of new osteoclasts. PGs also stimulate osteoclast formation in cell culture systems. Stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption may be important in mediating bone loss in response to mechanical forces and inflammation. PGs have a biphasic effect on bone formation. At relatively low concentrations or in the presence of glucocorticoids, the replication and differentiation of osteoblasts is stimulated and bone formation is increased. This increase is associated with an increase in production of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). However, at high concentrations or in the presence of IGF-I, PGE2 inhibits collagen synthesis. In osteoblastic cell lines this inhibition can be shown to occur at the level of transcription of the collagen gene. The stimulatory effect on bone formation has been demonstrated when PGs are administered exogenously, but it is not clear how endogenous PG production affects bone formation in physiological or pathologic circumstances. The production of PGs in bone is highly regulated. The major source appears to be cells of the osteoblast lineage. A major site of regulation is at the level of the enzyme PG endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase or PGH synthase). PGE2 production and PGH synthase mRNA are increased by PTH and interleukin-1 and decreased by estrogen. Glucocorticoids probably act by a different mechanism, decreasing either arachidonic acid or PGH synthase activity. Many other factors including mechanical forces and growth factors influence PG production in bone. Thus endogenous PGs are probably important local regulators of bone turnover, and abnormalities in their production could play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01621888
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-Term Risedronate Treatment in Postmenopausal Women: Effects on Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 615-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bisphosphonate – Bone markers – Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase – Osteocalcin – Resorption – Risedronate – Telopeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The development of new biochemical markers has made it possible to assess the effects of therapeutic agents on bone turnover more rapidly and precisely. In this early phase II study, we analyzed the effects of short-term, high-dose treatment with risedronate, a potent pyridinyl bisphosphonate, on markers of bone resorption and formation. Resorption markers included urinary free deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) crosslinks, N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTx) type I collagen crosslinks. Bone formation markers included osteocalcin (OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and the C-terminal peptide of type I procollagen (PICP). All three resorption markers showed rapid, significant (p〈0.05) decreases from baseline following daily administration of 30 mg risedronate for 2 weeks. The mean decreases at 2 weeks were 28% for D-Pyr, 61% for NTx and 73% for CTx, respectively. Over the next 10 weeks after treatment, D-Pyr approached baseline while NTx and CTx remained well below baseline values. The markers of bone formation showed little change during therapy but decreased significantly at 4–10 weeks after therapy – an expected outcome of bisphosphonate therapy. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the early effects on bone resorption markers and the delayed effects on formation markers. This study demonstrates that the approved dose of risedonate (30 mg/day) for Paget”s disease is effective at decreasing bone turnover after 2 weeks of treatment, as observed by the sensitive response of bone turnover markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070083
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Serum and Urine Assays for Biochemical Markers of Bone Resorption in Postmenopausal Women with and without Hormone Replacement Therapy and in Men (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone mineral density – Bone sialoprotein – C-terminal telopeptide crosslinks – N-terminal telopeptide crosslinks – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Biochemical markers of bone resorption have been used to characterize metabolic bone disease and assess therapeutic response. Most studies have used the urinary measurement of collagen crosslinks, but serum assays have recently been developed that may have less analytic and biologic variability. In the present study, we measured urine and serum N- and C-terminal crosslinked telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX and CTX) and serum bone sialoprotein (BSP) in postmenopausal women with or without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and in men of similar age. In these populations, the variability of serum and urine markers was similar, except that serum NTX showed somewhat lower variability in postmenopausal women. Urine and serum assays correlated well with one another and were significantly lower in postmenopausal women on HRT compared with untreated women. The difference in women on HRT was similar for sNTX, uNTX and BSP (35–40%) and greater for sCTX and uCTX (52–53%). There was an inverse correlation between markers and bone mineral density, largely attributable to the high correlation in women not on HRT. Fractional excretion of NTX and CTX were estimated at 0.20 ± 0.07 and 0.44 ± 0.11, respectively. These values were independent of the concentration of the marker or of creatinine in the urine. We conclude that serum markers are useful measures of bone resorption in these populations, in whom the use of such markers is likely to be helpful in the management of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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