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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local fiscal equalisation based on fiscal capacity: the case of Austria (2002)
    London, UK : The Institute for Fiscal Studies
    Fiscal studies 23 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-5890
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper deals with local fiscal equalisation in Austria. The system of intergovernmental relations in Austria includes different regulations in order to equalise differences in the fiscal capacity of the municipalities. This leads to so-called ‘compensation effects’, because additional revenues from a local government's own tax are (at least partly) compensated by losses from equalisation grants. This paper carries out a detailed analysis of these compensation effects. It is shown that they create strong fiscal disincentives for the local governments: on average, 55 per cent of additional revenues from the communal tax (which is the most important of a local government's own taxes) are compensated by losses of equalisation grants. In extreme cases, local governments can lose up to 144 per cent of the additional tax yields collected. These local governments would be better off if they made no effort to increase their tax base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2002.tb00056.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Does Economic Development in Eastern Europe Affect Austria's Regions? A Multiregional General Equilibrium Framework (2002)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc
    Journal of regional science 42 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9787
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: The paper quantifies regional welfare effects arising from the increasing trade flows between Austria and its Eastern neighbors after the opening up of Eastern Europe. We calibrate a static multiregional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model with benchmark data from 1994 for Austria, subdivided into nine Federal Provinces. The regions are linked by trade flows with the four Eastern neighboring countries and with the rest of the world. We simulate the effects of the increase of trade interpenetration as observed between 1989 and 1999 in a comparative static analysis. Regional welfare effects under fixed and flexible wages are presented. We also compare national CGE results with estimates obtained in a simple partial equilibrium approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9787.00258
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines. Syntheses, steroid hormone receptor binding affinities, and cytostatic activity (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 33 (1990), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00163a026
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polymer electrolytes with high ion conductivity using experimental design of multicomponent polymer systems (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 32 (1993), S. 3128-3134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00024a024
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Careers in a judicial hierarchy (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of manpower 25 (2004), S. 431-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-7720
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the careers of 230 professional judges in the German labor court system. Judges who are promoted early for the first time - "fast starters" - are more likely to be promoted for the second time. Fast starters, however, do not achieve a second promotion earlier - there is no evidence of a fast career track. Furthermore, judges who publish scientific books or papers are more likely to be promoted for the second time. Hence, careers neither are random nor do they follow bureaucratic criteria such as seniority. They can be understood as the outcome of a succession of tournaments for promotion that sustains career prospects both for "fast starters" and for "late bloomers". Implications for judicial incentives and the quality of matching of judges with judicial offices are inferred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437720410554142
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrete Fourier transform in arbitrary dimensions by a generalized Beevers–Lipson algorithm (2000)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 248-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The Beevers–Lipson procedure was developed as an economical evaluation of Fourier maps in two- and three-dimensional space. Straightforward generalization of this procedure towards a transformation in n-dimensional space would lead to n nested loops over the n coordinates, respectively, and different computer code is required for each dimension. An algorithm is proposed based on the generalization of the Beevers–Lipson procedure towards transforms in n-dimensional space that contains the dimension as a variable and that results in a single piece of computer code for arbitrary dimensions. The computational complexity is found to scale as N\log(N), where N is the number of pixels in the map, and it is independent of the dimension of the transform. This procedure will find applications in the evaluation of Fourier maps of quasicrystals and other aperiodic crystals, and in the maximum-entropy method for aperiodic crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767300000532
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  • 7
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    Kontinuät und Wandel in der sowjetischen Kafka-Rezeption (1990)
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Arcadia. 25:3 (1990) 304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-7982
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:d401-1990-025-03-000006
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal structure and hormonal activity of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethene (1993)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 124 (1993), S. 1181-1193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethene ; X-ray analysis ; Estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity ; Estrogen receptor affinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine komplette dreidimensionale Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethen (BHPE) durchgeführt, wobei die Reflexe bei Raumtemperatur gesammelt wurden. Nach isotroper Verfeinerung derF-Werte ergab sich einR-Wert von 0.163.BHPE kristallisiert mit 8 Molekülen in einer Einheitszelle von monokliner Symmetrie mit Raumgruppe C2/c und den Zelldimensionena=20.851,b=15.505,c=10.536 Å, β=107.54°. DasBHPE-Molekül ist nicht flach. Die aromatischen Ringe sind aus der Ethen-Ebene mit Winkeln von −30.16° (Ring B), −51.45° (Ring C) und −33.49° (Ring A) herausgedreht. Der Bindungswinkel zwischen den 1,1-ständigen, 4-hydroxysubstituierten Phenylringen beträgt 115.3°, wobei dies einen Abstand von 9.636 Å für die Hydroxylgruppen ergibt. Es stellte sich heraus, daßBHPE ein „impeded“ Estrogen mit geringer antiestrogener Wirkung ist, obwohl seine Estrogen-Receptor-Affinität sehr hoch ist (29%, Estradiol 100%). Es wird der Einfluß der räumlichen Gegebenheiten inBHPE und verwandten Substanzen im Hinblick auf ihre estrogene/antiestrogene und Brustkrebs-hemmende Wirkung diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A complete three-dimensional X-ray crystal structure analysis of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenylethene (BHPE) has been carried out. Reflexes were collected at room temperature. After isotropic refinement ofF-values by least-squares,R is 0.163.BHPE crystallizes with 8 molecules in a unit cell of monoclinic symmetry, space group C2/c and cell dimensionsa=20.851,b=15.505,c=10.536 Å, β=107.54°. The molecule ofBHPE is not flat, the aromatic rings are twisted out of the ethene plane with angles of −30.16° (ring B), −51.45° (ring C) and −33.49° (ring A). The bond angle between the 1,1-standing, 4-hydroxy-substituted phenyl rings amounts to 115.3° resulting in a distance between the hydroxy groups of 9.636 Å.BHPE proved to be a weak “impeded” estrogen with minor antiestrogenic potency, though its estrogen receptor affinity is very high (29%, estradiol 100%). A discussion of the influence of the spatial structure ofBHPE and related substances on its estrogenic/antiestrogenic and mammary tumor-inhibiting potency is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00810027
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cisplatin on primary tumour growth and liver metastases in the M 5076 reticulum sarcoma: implication for new screening modalities (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 119 (1993), S. 312-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Cisplatin ; M 5076 reticulum sarcoma ; Tumour growth ; Metastasis ; Screening model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of cisplatin given at different treatment intervals on growth of the s.c.-implanted M 5076 reticulum sarcoma and the number of liver metastases at the end of the experiment (day 24). The later the treatment was started, the smaller was the tumour-inhibiting effect of cisplatin on primary tumour growth. Initiation of cisplatin treatment before day 14 after tumour implantation inhibited liver metastases completely. Treatment starting from day 14 or later did not influence the number of liver metastases. With regard to the clinical situation, the data imply that in the search for new leads in anticancer compounds, experimental conditions should concentrate on the inhibition of metastatic tumour growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208835
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The EnDA endometrial adenocarcinoma: an oestrogen-sensitive, metastasizing, in vivo tumour model of the rat (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 119 (1993), S. 450-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: EnDA endometrial carcinoma ; Oestrogen sensitivity ; Tumour metastanses ; In vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A high percentage of endometrial carcinomas contain oestrogen and progesterone receptors. For endocrine therapy of recurrent endometrial carcinoma, only high-dose progestins are in clinical use. As, therefore, the development of new endocrine treatment strategies is of great interest, suitable animal models for this tumour are essential. Up to now, only human tumour xenografts transplanted in immune-deficient nude mice, but no syngeneic in vivo tumour models, have been available. In the present article we describe the hormone sensitivity of the EnDA endometrial adenocarcinoma of the DA/Han rat growing as s.c. implants in DA/Han rats and athymic nude mice in serial passage. In both species, the tumour expresses oestrogen, but no progesterone receptors. Transplanted in DA/Han rats or nude mice, ovariectomy reduced tumour weight by 64% and 46% respectively. In both species substitution of ovariectomized animals with oestradiol restored tumour weights to intact control levels. Oestradiol substitution of intact animals did not further enhance tumour growth. The growth of the primary tumour was inhibited by medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at a dose of 100 mg/kg by 67% and by tamoxifen at a dose of 20 mg/kg by 38%. Lung metastases were regularly seen in both species, although to a lesser extent in nude mice than in DA/Han rats. Tamoxifen treatment did not alter the number of lung metastases, whereas MPA or ovariectomy produced a significant reduction in the number of lung metastases. The EnDA endometrial carcinoma of the DA/Han rat with respect to its oestrogen sensitivity, oestrogen receptor expression, morphology and metastatic growth, grossly resembles a typical endometrial adenocarcinoma and can therefore be regarded as auseful in vivo experimental model for the evaluation of new endocrine treatment strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215924
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