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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (3)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1950-1954  (3)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 43 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The haemodynamic responses associated with inflation of the antigravity suit (G suit, aviation type) to 8.0 kPa were studied in a series of 40 patients who underwent neurosurgical operations in the sitting position. The study showed statistically significant increases in systolic arterial pressure (p 〈 0.005) and mean central venous pressure (p 〈 0.001) with inflation of the suit. The systolic arterial and mean central venous pressures remained significantly elevated immediately before deflation of the suit at the end of the operation (p 〈 0.001 and p 〈 0.005 respectively). The addition of 0.8–1.0 kPa positive end expiratory pressure during suit inflation was also investigated. A further increase in central venous pressure occurred but this did not achieve statistical significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 6 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abdominal surgery became routinely possible over a hundred years ago, after the introduction of general anaesthesia and sterile procedures. Abdominal surgery for haemophiliacs had to wait another 60 or 70 years for adequate control of haemostasis. This paper traces its gradual achievement from the 1920s to the 1970s through a series of reports of appendectomies, gastric and intestinal operations, gall bladder operations and splenectomies in patients with haemophilia of varying degrees of severity. A short-lived flurry of interest in splenectomy as a proposed treatment for haemophilia is also mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brown trout serum contains a natural, spontaneous, antibody-independent lytic activity and a haemolysin antibody complement-mediated lytic activity against unsensitized and trout antibody-sensitized sheep erythrocytes, respectively. The use of various activators and inactivators of the mammalian complement system demonstrated that trout serum possesses complement or complement-like components similar in activity to those present in the classical and alternative pathways found in mammals. A single injection of trout with sheep erythrocytes stimulated the production of antibody-secreting cells in lymphoid organs and increased the levels of natural haemolysins. A second injection of sheep erythrocytes further raised the haemolysin values and antibody-secreting cell counts. Serum complement from homologous or closely related fish species was more effective for use in the haemolysin and antibody-secreting cell assays than that from heterologous sources, except guinea pig. Based on physico-chemical properties, gel filtration and immunoelectrophoretic studies, natural and induced anti-sheep erythrocyte haemolysins were found to be similar molecules and are possibly high molecular weight IgM antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 16 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brown trout produced high molecular weight, thermostable, dithiothreitol sensitive, non-precipitating, complement-fixing antibodies and agglutinins to lipopolysaccharides after intramuscular injection with adjuvant. Antibodies were first detected on Day 14 and reached maximum titres after 56 to 63 days when a single injection was given. When either a second or a third injection was administered maximum titres occurred 34 to 40 days after the injection. After each injection the titres increased significantly, and the protein concentration of the sera was significantly decreased. In cellulose acetate electrophoresis experiments those bands which migrated in the β- to γ-globulin regions were increased.Antibody-secreting and antigen-binding cells were detected on Days 8 and 4 respectively and maxima were reached between Day 16 and Day 18. The number of cells per 106 lymphoid cells was higher in the spleen than in the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 16 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The concentration of protein in the sera of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, brown trout S. trutta and Atlantic salmon S. salar has been measured by six standard techniques viz refractometry, copper sulphate specific gravity, automated and manual biuret, optical density and Lowry et al. phenol reagent and the results compared. Good correlation was obtained in most cases and interconversion formulae are given between each method in the three salmonid species. The concentrations obtained with the refractometer and optical density methods were approximately one and a half times those obtained with the others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 14 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Immunoglobulin production in the primary and secondary immune response of brown trout to keyhole limpet haemocyanin has been investigated including the effect of dose size, route and number of injections, and the use of adjuvant. Antibody activity was found in the first fraction from Sephadex G200 and in the second from Sepharose 6B. Trout immunoglobulin had β2—Γ1 electrophoretic mobility, and Sapp of 16·7 and an approximate molecular weight of 670 000 daltons. It was sensitive to dithiothreitol and stable at 56°C for 30 min. Immunoglobulin concentrations were measured by single radial immunodiffusion with a specific rabbit antiserum. Sera from non-injected trout had a mean immunoglobulin level of 7·3 ± 0·3 mg ml−1 which accounted for 10% of the total serum protein. Phosphate buffered saline-injected controls contained 6·7 ± 0·2. In fish given a single injection the mean concentration ranged from 7·5 to 12·9 and in those given more than one injection from 12·6 to 16·8. The use of adjuvant resulted in higher immunoglobulin concentrations. Neither dose nor route had any significant effect on the primary response. However, in the secondary response the intramuscular route resulted in significantly increased immunoglobulin production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 16 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Natural‘antibodies’are substances found in the blood of animals that have not been immunised against infective agents. However, exposure to these agents or to cross-reacting antigens may well have taken place. Fish contain naturally-occurring, relatively nonspecific, lectin-like proteins or glycoproteins, which are distinct from immunoglobulins, and which react with a wide variety of antigens and may confer some degree of immunity against natural infection. In most cases the cause of the antigenic stimulus is not obvious although the formation of these‘antibodies’may have been brought about by exposure to various micro-organisms. Many of these antibody-like molecules behave in a similar manner to immune antibodies or immunoglobulins and cross-react with specific carbohydrate moieties on the cell walls of bacteria, erythrocytes and certain other cellular antigens, due to the presence of similar antigenic determinants.It is difficult to ascribe an appropriate definition to the term‘natural antibody’. In fish, these‘antibodies’have been so designated on the basis of functional rather than structural criteria. Such naturally-occurring, low grade, antibody-like‘immune’substances include‘acute phase’proteins, lysozyme and chitinase, interferon, agglutinins, lysins, complement and properdin, precipitins, and non-immunoglobulin, lectin-like molecules. In addition to the above non-immunoglobulin materials, natural immunoglobulins identifiable as IgM have also been reported in fish. Furthermore, mucus contains many biochemical agents capable of reaction against infective organisms and thus providing the host with an immediate or a first line of defence mechanism.This review compiles some of the relevant information in the literature concerned with natural‘immune’substances, present in the serum and mucus of fish, involved in protection against pathogens. Wherever possible the basic physicochemical properties of these substances are indicated and their potential immunobiological functions discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The use of fluorescein-enhanced quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) in the detection of in vitro root caries demineralization and reminerlization was investigated. Fourteen previously extracted human premolar roots were selected and determined to be caries-free. Cementum was removed and nail varnish applied leaving an exposed window. Positive and negative controls were selected. During a demineralizing regimen, roots were removed at regular intervals (12, 48, 72 and 120 h) and immersed in sodium fluorescein (0·2 mg L−1). Following gentle rinsing, each root was examined using QLF before being returned to the demineralizing solution. Following 120 h, each tooth was sectioned through the lesion and one-half retained for transverse micro radiography (TMR) analysis. The remaining half were subjected to a remineralizing regimen undergoing the same fluorescein and QLF examinations at 7, 28 and 36 days. Results showed that QLF effectively monitored demineralization/remineralization of root dentine as represented by fluorescein penetration. TMR analysis showed good correlations with QLF (ΔZ/ΔQ) after demineralization (r = 0·89) and remineralization (r = 0·84). The technique could represent an in vivo method for root caries detection and classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 41 (1953), S. 71-78 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Anteil Stickstoffdioxyd, der aus dem Stickstoff organischer Substanzen unter den Bedingungen der Schnellverbrennung gebildet wird, wurde gravimetrisch mit Hilfe von Mangandioxyd bestimmt. Die Genauigkeit der Analysenmethode konnte dadurch verbessert werden. Stickstoff wird hierbei niemals vollständig zu Stickstoffdioxyd oxydiert. Weiters wurde festgestellt, daß Chlor quantitativ von Mangandioxyd gebunden wird. Von dieser Tatsache wurde zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Chlor Gebrauch gemacht. Sofern Schwefeldioxyd nicht vom Silber innerhalb des Verbrennungsrohres festgehalten wird, wird es gleichfalls von Mangandioxyd gebunden und beeinträchtigt daher die Kohlenstoffwerte nicht. Weder Schwefeldioxyd noch Chlor werden im Wasserabsorptionsröhrchen zurückgehalten. Das Ausmaß der Stickoxyd-Absorption in neutralem Wasserstoffperoxyd bei der Schwefelbestimmung nach dem Schnellverbrennungsverfahren wurde untersucht. Die allerdings geringfügige Absorption beeinflußt jedoch die Ergebnisse. Doch ist dies zu vernachlässigen, wenn Makroeinwaagen verbrannt werden. Denn die Menge absorbierten Stickstoffdioxyds wird bei höheren Einwaagen oder Stickstoffgehalten nicht merklich größer.
    Abstract: Résumé Le pourcentage de conversion de l'azote en bioxyde d'azote a été déterminé en brûlant des composés organiques dans des conditions de combustion rapide. Le bioxyde de manganèse a été utilisé pour déterminer le rendement de bioxyde d'azote par un procédé gravimétrique, augmentant ainsi la précision de la méthode de dosage. La conversion n'est jamais complète. Il a aussi été établi que le bioxyde de manganèse retient quantitativement le chlore. Cette propriété a été utilisée pour doser le carbone, l'hydrogène et le chlore simultanément, suivant le procédé de combustion rapide. On a montré que si le gaz sulfureux échappe à la rétention par l'argent situé dans le tube à combustion, il sera retenu par le bioxyde de manganèse et n'interfèrera pas avec le nombre trouvé pour le carbone. Le gaz sulfureux et le chlore ne sont pas retenus dans le tube absorbeur d'eau. La rétention de l'oxyde d'azote par l'eau oxygénée neutralisée a été étudiée en connexion avec le dosage du soufre par le procédé de combustion rapide. La rétention, quoique faible, affecte le résultat, mais ceci est négligeable quand on brule des macro-échantillons du fait que la quantité retenue n'augmente pas d'une façon marquée avec les dimensions de l'échantillon ou la teneur en azote.
    Notes: Summary The percentage conversion of nitrogen to nitrogen dioxide has been determined by burning organic compounds under rapid combustion conditions. Manganese dioxide has been employed to determine the yield of nitrogen dioxide by a gravimetric procedure, thus increasing the accuracy of the method of determination. The conversion is never complete. It has also been established that manganese dioxide quantitatively retains chlorine. This property has been utilised to determine carbon, hydrogen and chlorine simultaneously, following the rapid combustion procedure. Evidence has been obtained that if sulphur dioxide escapes retention by silver situated in the combustion tube, then it will be retained by the manganese dioxide and will not interfere with the carbon figure. Both sulphur dioxide and chlorine are not retained in the water absorption tube. The amount of nitrogen oxide retention by neutralised hydrogen peroxide has been investigated in connection with the determination of sulphur by the rapid combustion procedure. Retention, though small, affects the result, but this is negligible when macro samples are burned, because the amount retained does not increase markedly with size of sample or nitrogen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 41 (1953), S. 131-147 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Schnellverfahren zur Mikrobestimmung von Stickstoff in organischen Verbindungen wird beschrieben. Die Probe wird in einem raschen Kohlen-dioxyd-Sauerstoff-Strom in einem Rohr mit besonderem T-förmigem Verbrennungsteil vergast. Die Verbrennungsprodukte leitet man über erhitztes Kupfer, um überschüssigen Sauerstoff zu entfernen und die Oxyde des Stickstoffes zu reduzieren. Der Stickstoff wird mit Hilfe des Transportgases in ein Azotometer ausgespült, über Kalilauge aufgefangen und gemessen. Eine Einzelbestimmung dauert etwa 20 Minuten einschließlich der für die Abkühlung des Azotometers nötigen Zeit. Substanzen, die nachPreglDumas nur schwer analysierbar sind, konnten nach der neuen Methode befriedigend untersucht werden. Handelsüblicher Sauerstoff enthält bis zu 0,07% inerte Gase und eignet sich daher nicht zur Verbrennung stickstoffhaltiger Verkohlungsprodukte. Ein Gerät zur kontinuierlichen elektrolytischen Gewinnung blindwertfreien Sauerstoffes, das außerdem auch Wasserstoff zur Reduktion der Kupferdrahtfüllung liefert, bildet einen Teil der angegebenen Apparatur. Die vollständige Reduktion der Stickstoffoxyde und des Sauerstoffes ist bei der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von 15 bis 20 ml/Minute durch die große Menge metallischen Kupfers sichergestellt. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß derzeit Quarzrohre britischer Herkunft im Lauf der Zeit beim Erhitzen in Kohlendioxydatmosphäre in Gegenwart von Kupfer oder Kupferoxyd porös werden und daher hohe Blindwerte verursachen.
    Abstract: Résumé On décrit une méthode pour le microdosage de l'azote dans des composés organiques, basée sur le procédé de combustion instantanée. L'échantillon est brûlé dans un rapide courant de mélange CO2-O2 dans un tube muni d'une chambre à combustion vide. Les produits formés sont dirigés sur du cuivre chauffé ce qui fixe l'oxygène en excès et réduit les oxydes d'azote. L'azote est balayé vers le nitromètre, recueilli sur la solution de potasse et mesuré. Une seule détermination peut se faire en 20 minutes environ y compris la période de refroidissement de l'azote avant mesure du volume. Les composés ne brûlant qu'avec difficulté quand on les traite par la méthode deDumas-Pregl ont été analysés d'une manière satisfaisante quand on les traite par le nouveau procédé. On montre que l'oxygène commercial contient jusqu'à 0,07% de gaz inertes et que par conséquent, il ne convient pas dans la méthode à l'azote pour oxyder les goudrons azotés. Une cuve à électrolyse qui fournit un débit continu d'oxygène exempt d'impuretés et de l'hydrogène pour la régénération de la tournure de cuivre a été installée comme faisant partie intégrante de l'appareil. La réduction complète des oxydes de l'azote et de l'oxygène par le grand excès de cuivre métallique (environ 20 cm) s'effectue à la vitesse de 15 à 20 ml par minute de fonctionnement. On a mis en évidence le fait que les tubes de quartz actuellement fabriqués par les usines anglaises deviennent poreux au cours du temps quand on les chauffe dans une atmosphère inerte de gaz carbonique, ce qui donne lieu à des témoins élevés.
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the microdetermination of nitrogen in organic compounds which is based on the rapid combustion process. The sample is burned in a fast stream of carbon dioxide-oxygen mixture in a tube provided with an empty combustion chamber. The products formed are led over hot copper, thus removing excess of oxygen and reducing the nitrogen oxides. The nitrogen is swept out with the transport gas into a nitrometer, collected over potash solution and measured. A single determination may be completed in about 20 minutes, which includes the cooling period of the nitrogen prior to measuring the volume. Compounds which burn only with difficulty when subjected to thePregl-Dumas procedure have been analysed satisfactorily by the new method. It is shown that commercial oxygen contains up to 0.07% of inert gases and is therefore unsuitable in the nitrogen method for oxidising nitrogenous chars. An electrolytic cell which provides a continuous supply of blank-free oxygen, and hydrogen for regeneration of the copper filling has been constructed as a permanent part of the apparatus. Complete reduction of the nitrogen oxides and oxygen by the large amount of metallic copper (ca. 20 cm) is accomplished at the flow rate range of 15–20 ml per minute employed. Evidence has been obtained that present-day quartz tubing of British manufacture becomes porous in the course of time when heated in contact with copper oxide on copper in an inert atmosphere of carbon dioxide, giving high blanks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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