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  • 1
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 47 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effects of several γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic drugs on sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) were investigated in the hippocampus. HACU was measured in vitro after in vivo administration of the drug to mice. HACU was inhibited by those drugs that enhance GABA transmission. The convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid, which decreases GABA levels, stimulated HACU. From these results and previous find ings, it appears that GABA mediates a tonic inhibitory effect on the septal-hippocampal cholinergic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 5 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Increasing the ploughing depth and ploughing in grassland has been common in Germany during the past 20 years. Incubation studies were conducted with topsoils from luvisols and gleysols at different times after change of management in order to assess its influence on nitrogen mineralization and its kinetic parameters.The results show that deep ploughing slows the mineralization of nitrogen. The difference between earlier (1967–72) and more recently (1980–82) deepened topsoil has become smaller after a further three years of cultivation, however. The preceding crops (wheat or sugar beet), the amount of N fertilizer as well as clay and nitrogen contents cause a variation in N mineralization. The results indicate a continuing approach of an‘equilibrium’organic matter and nitrogen content. The enrichment capacity of intensively managed soils may be replenished within 10 years.Gleysols formerly under grass mineralize more nitrogen than‘traditionally’ploughed soils, even 27 years after the ploughing-in. While nitrogen from easily decomposable materials decreases within the first 10 years, the resistant fraction is a long-lasting determinant for N mineralization. Both processes need to be considered when applying fertilizer to minimize nitrate leaching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper describes the movement of anions and cations through soils at the regional scale using block-scale and regional simulations of one-dimensional ion transport through cultivated soils. The simulations were based on field experiments in a region of about 10 km2 in Lower Saxony, Germany. Transport was modelled with the convection–dispersion equation, and the cation exchange was described using the Gapon equation. We evaluated the spatial variation of cation exchange parameters, obtained estimates valid at the block scale, and simulated the one-dimensional transport of anions and cations. The movement of anions and cations was simulated over blocks using effective transport parameters calculated from local transport parameters. The approach led to a good agreement between measured and predicted concentrations of Br–, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ on four different 1 ha blocks. However, the mean concentrations of K+ in the soil solution in the uppermost horizons could not be described satisfactorily by the model. For the regional simulations, transport and exchange parameters were estimated by block kriging. All variograms of the exchange parameters were spatially structured with correlation lengths varying from 100 m to 300 m. Results of the regional simulations imply that Cl– and K+ were transported substantially deeper in the southern part than in the northern part of the area. The transport depth of the ions strongly depended on the pore water velocities. The simulation of solute transport to the water table showed the influence of the depth of water table on the estimated travel times, superimposing the influence of the transport parameters in the region. The results of the regional simulations also emphasize the importance of careful fertilization, especially in regions with shallow water tables such as in the north of the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 103 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: For maximizing genetic gains, with given resources, plant breeders generally conduct large but un- or inadequately-replicated field trials especially during early generation evaluations and population improvement programmes. Checks arc often used to improve the precision of test plot comparisons. Adjustments by moving or weighted means etc. arc, however, empirical or based on assumptions too difficult to verify. An alternative stochastically best linear unbiased optimal locally weighted method of spatial prediction of micro-environmental heterogeneity indices of treatment plots was examined. Two checks used in an unreplicated evaluation of 1560 test lines of winter wheat expressed the micro-environmental variation in similar ways. About 46, 38 and 16 percent of the total variation in yield was a simple row and column effects, spatially dependent, and random errors, respectively. Optimal weights derived to simulate the micro-environmental heterogeneity indices were sensitive to the position of the test plot and thus provided a better local control. The model was validated, and prediction standard deviations of simulations computed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Accurate tumour classification is critical for meaningful epidemiological studies in the assessment of cancer incidence rates and trends. Differentiating primary gastric carcinoma from oesophageal carcinoma can be difficult, especially when tumours are large and involve both the oesophagus and stomach. Furthermore, adenocarcinomas of both organs typically are of intestinal histological type and arise in a background of intestinal metaplasia. Consequently, histological markers that reliably distinguish Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma would be useful. Cytokeratins (CK)7 and 20 are cytoplasmic structural proteins with restricted expression that help to determine the origin of many epithelial tumours including those of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of co-ordinate CK7 and 20 expression in the distinction of Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia.Methods and results: CK7 and 20 immunostaining was performed on randomly selected surgical resection specimens from patients with Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 30) and intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 14) arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia. A CK7+ CK20- immunophenotype was demonstrated in 27 of 30 (90%) patients with Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma and only three of 14 (21%) gastric adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a CK7+/20– immunophenotype for a diagnosis of Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma was 90%, 79%, and 90%, respectively.Conclusions: A CK7+/20– tumour immunophenotype is associated with Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma and may be useful in accurate tumour classification, thus facilitating improving epidemiological evaluation of tumours at the oesophagogastric junction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To compare the safety and efficacy of pantoprazole and ranitidine in maintaining erosive oesophagitis healing.Methods : Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients (349) with endoscopically documented healed erosive oesophagitis (grade 0 or 1) were randomly assigned to receive pantoprazole (10, 20 or 40 mg/q.d.s.) or ranitidine (150 mg/b.d.). Erosive oesophagitis status was assessed endoscopically at months 1, 3, 6 and 12 or when relapse symptoms appeared (relapse = reappearance of erosive oesophagitis grade 2 within 12 months). Symptom-free days were also assessed.Results : Pantoprazole 20- and 40-mg were significantly more effective than ranitidine in maintaining healing regardless of initial erosive oesophagitis grade. Response was dose-related. After 12 months 78, 55, 46 and 21% of patients remained healed (40-, 20-, 10-mg pantoprazole and ranitidine). Pantoprazole 40-mg produced significantly more symptom-free days (83%) than ranitidine (58%). Heartburn-free days/nights were significantly higher with pantoprazole 40-mg (92 and 93%) than ranitidine (73 and 77%). The most frequent reason for discontinuation, unsatisfactory efficacy, occurred most often with ranitidine (P 〈 0.001).Conclusion : Once-daily pantoprazole therapy prevented relapse of healed erosive oesophagitis more effectively than ranitidine and with fewer heartburn days. Response to pantoprazole was dose-related. Pantoprazole 40-mg was the most effective regimen and consistent in maintaining erosive oesophagitis healing with a good safety and tolerability profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Gastric acid production may persist while patients are treated with proton pump inhibitors. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH monitoring is being used to identify gastric acid in the stomach while on medical therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim: To identify the optimal region of the stomach to demonstrate the presence of gastric acid.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Method: Probe locations confirmed with fluoroscopy after placement and prior to removal. In experiment 1, five volunteers underwent simultaneous, 24-h gastro-oesophageal pH monitoring with the pH sensors located in the gastric antrum, body, fundus and distal oesophagus. In experiment 2, five volunteers underwent simultaneous 24-h pH monitoring with sensors located side by side in the gastric fundus assessing the reproducibility of gastric pH in this region. In experiment 3, 35 volunteers underwent 24-h pH monitoring with pH sensors located in the distal oesophagus and gastric fundus. The mean percentage time for which pH 〈 4 was calculated for total, upright, and supine time periods. Results: pH profiles for the gastric fundus and body are similar—the mean percentage total time for which pH 〈 4 was 92.2% and 90.1%, respectively (P=N.S.). These values are significantly different from the antrum; pH 〈 4=54.6% (P 〈 0.01). pH values from the gastric fundus are highly reproducible (linear regression P= 0.004, r2=0.96). The normal values (mean ± 95th percentile) for percentage time gastric pH 〈 4 in the fundus were: total 95.6 ± 1.5%, upright 94.8 ± 1.8%, and supine 96.5 ± 2.3%.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion: The fundus is the optimal location to evaluate the presence of gastric acid; pH values are highly reproducible in this area. Normal values for percentage time gastric pH 〈 4 for a healthy population are now defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 226 (1969), S. 160-174 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cesium atoms, enclosed in a glass vessel, are excited by a weak electrical discharge and irradiated by monochromatic light with wavelengths corresponding to the sharp, diffuse, and fundamental series. By light absorption, highly excited atoms are produced, which are ionized by electron collisions. These ions diffuse into the space charge region of a diode path, compensate partially the space charge, and increase the thermionic diode current. By this method, ionic currents of about 10 ions per sec can be detected. If the wavelength of the incident light is varied continuously, the complete absorption spectrum of excited cesium atoms can be found in the recorded diode current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 21-31 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider the application of the recursion method to the calculation of one-particle Green’s functions for strongly correlated systems and propose a new way how to extract the information about the infinite system from the exact diagonalisation of small clusters. Comparing the results for several cluster sizes allows us to establish those Lanczos coefficients that are not affected by the finite size effects and provide the information about the Green’s function of the macroscopic system. The analysis of this ‘bulk-related’ subset of coefficients supplemented by alternative analytic approaches allows to infer their asymptotic behaviour and to propose an approximate analytical form for the ‘terminator’ of the Green’s function continued fraction expansion for the infinite system. As a result, the Green’s function acquires the branch cut singularity corresponding to the incoherent part of the spectrum. The method is applied to the spectral function of one-hole in the Majumdar-Ghosh model (the one-dimensional $ t-J-J^{\prime}$ model at $J^{\prime }/J=1/2$ ). For this model, the branch cut starts at finite energy $\omega_0$ , but there is no upper bound of the spectrum, corresponding to a linear increase of the recursion coefficients. Further characteristics of the spectral function are band gaps in the middle of the band and bound states below $\omega_0$ or within the gaps. The band gaps arise due to the period doubling of the unit cell and show up as characteristic oscillations of the recursion coefficients on top of the linear increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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