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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1935-1939
  • Computed tomography  (3)
  • Koronare Bypassgefäße
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1935-1939
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral blood flow ; Computed tomography ; Partition coefficients ; Xenon contrast
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Methods are described for non-invasive, computer-assisted serial scanning throghout the human brain during eight minutes of inhalation of 27%–30% Xenon gas in order to measure local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). Optimized Xenonenhanced computed tomography (XeCT) was achieved by 5-second scanning at one-minute intervals utilizing a state-of-the-art CT scanner and rapid delivery of Xenon gas via a face mask. Values for local brain-blood partition coefficients (Lλ) measured in vivo were utilized to calculate LCBF values. Previous methods assumed Lλ values to be normal, introducing the risk of systematic errors, because Lλ values differ throughout normal brain and may be altered by disease. Color-coded maps of Lλ and LCBF values were formatted directly onto CT images for exact correlation of function with anatomic and pathologic observations (spatial resolution: 26.5 cubic mm). Results were compared among eight normal volunteers, aged between 50 and 88 years. Mean cortical gray matter blood flow was 46.3±7.7, for subcortical gray matter was 50.3±13.2 and for white matter was 18.8±3.2. Modern CT scanners provide stability, improved signal to noise ratio and minimal radiation scatter. Combining these advantages with rapid Xenon saturation of the blood provides correlations of Lλ and LCBF with images of normal and abnormal brain in a safe, useful and non-invasive manner.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Nerve block ; technology ; Computed tomography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A prototype of a laser target device was used for CT-guided nerve blocks in a preliminary series of nine interventions. The system provides guidance from any possible approach. High accuracy of needle insertion was achieved; the average deviation of the planned from the actual angle was 1.4°. The target device is valuable for facilitating minimally invasive therapy and can decrease the time required for the procedure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral blood flow ; Partition coefficient ; Computed tomography ; Stable xenon ; Aging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Results of measurements of LCBF and Lλ values utilizing optimal CT-CBF methods under resting conditions are reported among thirty-two neurologically normal volunteers aged between 20 and 88 years. Measurements were made during inhalation of 26–30% stable xenon gas for 8 min and serial scanning utilizing a state-of the-art CT scanner with both eyes closed and ears unplugged. LCBF values for cortical gray matter were lowest in occipital cortex and highest in frontal cortex. Gray matter flow values were also high in subcortical structures with highest values measured in the thalamus. For white matter, highest flow values were measured in the internal capsule. Changes in LCBF and Lλ values were analyzed with respect to advancing age. Significant age-related declines in LCBF values were observed in occipital cortex and frontal white matter. Significant age-related increases in Lλ values were measured in frontal and temporal cortex, caudate nucleus and thalamus. Possible explanations are offered for these age-related increases in Lλ values for gray matter, such as accumulation of lipofuscin in neurons and relative compacting of gray matter with advancing age. The latter increases the numbers of nerve cells sampled per volume of gray matter measured.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Flussmessung ; Koronararterie ; Koronare Bypassgefäße ; Key words ; MR imaging ; Flow quantification ; Coronary artery ; Coronary bypass grafts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Purpose: To evaluate accuracy of velocity encoded cine MR imaging for determination of blood flow in coronary arteries and coronary bypass grafts. Materials and methods: 12 patients with 22 coronary bypass grafts underwent intraoperative flow quantification using the transit time ultrasound method. These values were compared to postoperative MR phase shift measurements. Flow measurements were performed preoperatively in 28 coronary arteries of 20 patients. For flow measurement, we used a velocity-encoded k-space segmented gradient echo sequence with a temporal resolution of 110 or 125 ms, respectively. 6–8 pase shift images could be acquired during one cardiac cycle. Results: There was a significant correlation between intraoperative and flow measurements using velocity-encoded MR imaging (r=0.74, p〈0.0001, t-test). Flow volumes determined by MR imaging were systemati-cally larger than those determined by the transit time ultrasound method. Mean flow in coronary arteries was reduced in severly stenosed vessels (〉70%) compared to normal vessels. Intra- and interobserver vari-ability were 10.5 and 15% (coronary bypass grafts), and 12.3 and 15.8% (coronary ar- teries), respectively. Conclusions: Velocity-encoded MR imaging enables determination of flow in coronary artery bypass grafts and coronary arteries. Future developments should aim at the improvement of spatial and temporal resolution of the method.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Ziel: Es sollte die Genauigkeit der MR-Phasenkontrastmethode zur Ermittlung des Flusses in Koronararterien und koronaren Bypassgefäßen bestimmt werden. Material und Methode: Die MRT-Flussmessungen von 12 Patienten mit 22 Bypassgefäßen wurden mit intraoperativ mittels Ultraschalldurchflussmethode bestimmten Flüssen verglichen. Präoperativ wurden zusätzlich Flussmessungen in 28 Koronararterien von 20 Patienten durchgeführt. Zur MRT-Flussmessung wurde eine segmentierte 2D-Flash-Sequenz verwendet, die eine zeitliche Auflösung von 110 bzw. 125 ms aufwies. Dies ermöglichte die Akquisition von 6–8 Bildpaaren pro Herzzyklus. Ergebnisse: Es bestand eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen den Ergebnissen der intraoperativen und denen der postoperativen MRT-Flussmessung (r=0,76, p〈0,0001, t-Test). Das mit der MRT gemessene Flussvolumen lag über dem bei der Ultraschallmessung ermittelten. Die Bestimmung des mittleren Flusses in den Koronararterien zeigte deutliche Unterschiede zwischen Gefäßen mit höhergradiger Stenose (〉70%) und Gefäßen ohne Stenose. Die Intra- und Interbeobachtervariabilitäten betrugen 10,5 und 15% (Bypass) bzw. 12,3 und 15,8% (Koronararterien). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Phasenkontrastmethode ermöglicht – in Kenntnis ihrer Limitationen – eine relativ genaue Bestimmung des Blutflusses in Koronararterien und koronaren Bypassgefäßen. Weiterentwicklungen der Methode müssen eine verbesserte räumliche und zeitliche Auflösung zum Ziel haben.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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