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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The S1–S0 transition of indole and N-deuterated indole: Spectroscopy and picosecond dynamics in the excited state (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 6013-6019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A vibrational analysis for the excitation and fluorescence spectra of the S1–S0 transition in jet-cooled indole and N-deuterated indole is presented. This analysis yields the frequencies for eight low-lying S1 vibrational modes of both isotopic species. Single vibronic level fluorescence spectra also enable us to refine many of the S0 vibrational frequencies. Quantum interference effects in the energy-resolved fluorescence decays for one vibrational level of S1 indole are observed as a result of picosecond laser excitation. Through analysis of the fluorescence spectra and the modulated fluorescence decays, the coupling responsible for the quantum beats was found to result from a zero-order in-plane mode coupled to a level which is described by several zero-order out-of-plane modes. The effect of the deuterium substitution on the quantum beats is also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457418
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osseous Metaplasia of Breast Neuroma: Diagnosis with Stereotactic Core Biopsy (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2004.21343.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substantial Reduction of Platelet Adhesion by Heparin-Coated Stents (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although optimized antiplatelet medication has improved the clinical outcome after coronary stenting, vessel occlusion and restenosis still remain a relevant clinical problem. Platelets play a key role in this process. Therefore, the authors compared the platelet adhesion on different stent surface modifications (electropolished without coating or coated with carbon, carbon and additional heparin, silicon carbide, or heparin alone) to investigate their role in reducing platelet adhesion. All stem and additional stainless steel plates were incubated in heparinized whole blood with radiolabeled platelets. Afrer washing the stents and plates four times, radioactivity caused by the adhesion of radiolabeled platelets was measured. The adhesion of radiolabeled platelets, compared to uncoated, electropolished stents, was reduced through silicon carbide coating to 58.6%, by carbon coating with additional heparin to 32.9%, and heparin coating alone to 7.7%. Stent coating with heparin is the most effective among the examined coatings in reducing platelet adhesion in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2001.tb00350.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarized light scattering from metal surfaces (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 5392-5398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stretching and bending of polished and industrial-grade metallurgical surfaces changes the appearance of the specimen's surface. The changes in surface structure can be detected in the polarized light scattered from the surface cracks and other defects, which act as scattering centers. In order to interpret light scattering signals from complex surfaces, we first examine the nature of light scattered from a perfect mirror surface, a degraded mirror, a line on a mirror, a randomly sanded surface, and, finally, the industrial grade metal surfaces damaged by stretching and bending.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338956
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error-Rate and Decision-Theoretic Methods of Multiple Testing: Which Genes Have High Objective Probabilities of Differential Expression? (2004)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology 3.2004, 1, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1544-6115
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Given a multiple testing situation, the null hypotheses that appear to have sufficiently low probabilities of truth may be rejected using a simple, nonparametric method based on decision theory. This applies not only to posterior levels of belief, but also to conditional probabilities in the sense of relative frequencies, as seen from their equality to local false discovery rates (dFDRs). This approach neither requires the estimation of probability densities, nor of their ratios. Decision theory can also inform the selection of false discovery rate weights. An application to gene expression microarrays is presented with a discussion of the applicability of the assumption of "clumpy dependence."
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/sagmb/vol3/iss1/art8
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examining the limits of the buprenorphine interdosing interval: daily, every-third-day and every-fifth-day dosing regimens (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 96 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims. Opioid-dependent outpatients may be more likely to present for pharmacological treatment if less than daily dosing can be arranged. These studies compared opioid withdrawal symptoms during 24-, 72-, and 120-hour buprenorphine dosing regimens and evaluated participants' preferences for these different dosing regimens. Participants. Thirty-three opioid-dependent participants received daily sublingual maintenance doses of 4 mg/70 kg (n = 14) or 8 mg/70 kg (n = 19) of liquid buprenorphine. Methods. In Study I participants received, in a random order, three dosing regimens for five repetitions of each: daily maintenance doses every 24 hours (4 or 8 mg/70 kg), triple the daily maintenance dose every 72 hours (12 or 24 mg/70 kg) and quintuple the daily maintenance dose every 120 hours (20 or 40 mg/70 kg). Doses were administered under double-blind procedures, and placebos were administered on the interposed days during the latter two regimens. Subjective and observer ratings of opioid withdrawal symptoms were assessed daily prior to receipt of each dose. In Study II, a new group of participants received each of the three dosing regimens under open-dosing procedures and then chose between the different dosing regimens. Findings. Opioid withdrawal symptoms increased significantly during the every-fifth-day dosing regimen in both the blind- and open-dosing studies. In the choice phase of Study II, only one participant (7%) chose quintuple-every-fifth-day dosing over all other dosing options. Conclusions. These results suggest that the maximum duration of action of buprenorphine is less than 5 days when five times the daily maintenance dose is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9668234.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: delay discounting processes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 96 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Behavioral economics examines conditions that influence the consumption of commodities and provides several concepts that may be instrumental in understanding drug dependence. One such concept of significance is that of how delayed reinforcers are discounted by drug dependent individuals. Discounting of delayed reinforcers refers to the observation that the value of a delayed reinforcer is discounted (reduced in value or considered to be worth less) compared to the value of an immediate reinforcer. This paper examines how delay discounting may provide an explanation of both impulsivity and loss of control exhibited by the drug dependent. In so doing, the paper reviews economic models of delay discounting, the empirical literature on the discounting of delayed reinforcers by the drug dependent and the scientific literature on personality assessments of impulsivity among drug-dependent individuals. Finally, future directions for the study of discounting are discussed, including the study of loss of control and loss aversion among drug-dependent individuals, the relationship of discounting to both the behavioral economic measure of elasticity as well as to outcomes observed in clinical settings, and the relationship between impulsivity and psychological disorders other than drug dependence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961736.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-photon spectra of the S1–S0 transition in glyoxal (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 1752-1760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two-photon excitation spectrum of the 1Au(S1)–1Ag(S0) transition in trans-glyoxal is observed in the region of 21 800–25 400 cm−1. The excitation source is the H2 Raman shifted output of a pulsed dye laser. The source yields tunable output from 0.7 to 1.4 μm and enables both one- and two-color two-photon spectra to be observed. These spectra are complementary to the well known one-photon spectra for this transition. However, the two-photon selection rules cause much of the vibrational structure to be simplified. Many of the observed bands belong to the torsional mode, ν7, revealing vibrational quanta up to 12 in the excited state and 8 in the ground state. The two-photon rotational contours for a number of transitions are calculated for comparison with the observed spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452175
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The torsional spectra of jet-cooled methyl substituted indoles in the ground and first excited states (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have analyzed the jet-cooled torsional spectra of the S1–S0 transitions for the seven monomethyl indoles. The potential curves which describe the hindered internal rotation in both the ground and excited states are modeled with the form: V(φ)= 1/2 ∑n Vn(1−cos nφ). The changes in the torsional potential upon electronic excitation can be interpreted as arising from changes in the electron density adjacent to the methyl rotor. We present evidence that the methyl rotor is then a unique probe with which to obtain information about the detailed electronic structure of the parent indole molecule. This approach provides new evidence for the assignment of the first excited electronic state of indole observed in the vapor phase to 1Lb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.454636
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk-sensitive foraging theory elucidates risky choices made by heroin addicts (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 99 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aim  The behavioral process of risk-sensitive foraging (RSF) specifies that the level of satiation or deprivation determines choice between a constant and variable quantity of food. Specifically, RSF stipulates that organisms experiencing satiation and deprivation prefer constant (risk-averse) and variable (risk-prone) choices, respectively. The relevance of this behavioral process to risky choices of opioid-dependent patients is examined in this study.Methods  Thirty adult opioid-dependent out-patients made hypothetical choices between constant and variable heroin sources with equivalent means. Preferences for constant (e.g. three bags of heroin) and variable heroin sources (e.g. on average produces three bags of heroin, but vary from one to five bags of heroin on any instance) were assessed using questionnaires that manipulated the amount, delay to receipt and drug potency of heroin across approximately 20 levels. Subjects made choices between constant and variable options after hearing scripts describing the signs and symptoms of opioid satiation and opioid deprivation.Results  Consistent with the prediction of RSF, subjects purchased significantly more hypothetical heroin from a variable source when exposed to an opioid-deprived script than an opioid-satiated script. This pattern was observed across manipulations of heroin amount, delay to receipt of heroin and heroin potency. Selection of the variable option increased as a function of magnitude under the deprived conditions. The selection of the variable option generally did not increase as a function of magnitude under the satiated conditions except when delay to heroin delivery increased. As delay increased, selection of the variable option increased under the satiated script, but at a lower level observed with the deprived script.Conclusions  These data suggest that risky choices of heroin-dependent individuals can be understood and predicted with the application of RSF theory. This research suggests that an evolutionarily old behavioral process may contribute to the risky behavior of the drug-dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00733.x
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