Library

Notes: We show that small in-plane magnetization components in magnetic garnet films with perpendicular anisotropy can be imaged using nonlinear magneto-optical proximal probe microscopy, i.e., magnetization-induced second harmonic generation together with a scanning near-field optical microscope. A relationship exists between the in-plane magnetization domains we observed and the typical maze-like out-of-plane magnetization domains that are simultaneously imaged recording the linear Faraday effect. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: A numerical method based on solution of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation is formulated to demonstrate the suppression of a two-dimensional, Tollmien–Schlichting-type, time-harmonic instability wave in a developing channel flow by a downstream secondary wave created through alternating suction and blowing at the surface. An analytical expression is derived providing the amplitude and a second parameter (the width or the phase) of the downstream surface-velocity distribution required to create a wave that will suppress the downstream continuation of the original disturbance.

Notes: Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein secreted by a variety of cell types throughout the developing brain. The target cells for reelin express the cytoplasmic adapter protein Dab1, which binds to the reelin receptors VLDLR and ApoER2. In the present work, we have studied the localization of both receptors in developing mouse and human cortex, olfactory bulb and cerebellum. In mouse, some Cajal–Retzius cells express reelin and VLDLR; in humans, all the components of the signalling pathway (Reelin, Dab1, VLDLR and ApoER2) are present in subsets of Cajal–Retzius cells. In the mouse cortical plate, VLDLR and ApoER2 are present from E15 to postnatal stages; in human cortical plate they are most prominent at ≈ 20 gestational weeks. In mice, cerebellar Purkinje cells only express VLDLR whereas in humans they express both VLDLR and ApoER2. Mitral cells of the mouse olfactory bulb are ApoER2-positive and VLDLR-negative. In sum, the receptor expression patterns are similar in the human and mouse cortical plate but differ in Cajal–Retzius and Purkinje cells, which in humans express additional components of the reelin–Dab1 pathway.

Notes: This paper reports the outcome evaluation of a gun safety video intervention. Guided largely by the extended parallel process model, the video, Bullet ‘Proof’ - The Case for Gun Safety' focuses primarily on (a) knowledge of 6 gun safety practices, (b) susceptibility to accidental gunshot injuries and death, severity of gunshot injuries, (d) response efficacy, and (e) self-efficacy. The video was shown to 175 individuals in 7 hunter safety classes and evaluated in a field experiment using a posttest-only control-group design with random assignment. Compared to the control group, the experimental group listed significantly more gun safety practices, perceived greater susceptibility to accidental gun injuries, perceived gun injuries to be more severe, and perceived greater response efficacy toward some of the recommended gun safety practices. Further, all of the recommended gun safety practices received high self-efficacy and behavioral intention ratings. Finally, the video itself scored high on all measured positive attributes, and low on all measured negative attributes.

Notes: Flous décrivons ici une méthode non destructive de dosage de l'Ptain dans l es roches par activdtion neutronique et spectrometrie de coincidence multiparametrique. Nosrgsultatssonten bun sccord avec ceux obtenus par plusieurs methoties destructives etvont treutilises pour de noivhreuses apDl ications geochimiques. En particulierles standards GSP-1 et surtout BX-N seront utilisés cornme talons de reference.

Notes: The determination of indium in geological materials is difficult by usual analytical techniques because of their lack of sensitivity. Neutron activation analysis with special irradiation and counting conditions allows to determine indium ultra-traces with a quantitative detection limit about a few parts per billion. The method developed is fast and very sensitive and has been tested successfully for several American and French geochemical standards.

Notes: Six roches standards de I'USGS : GXR-1 à GXR-6 ont été analysées par activation neutronique instrumentale (INAA) pour le dosage de 17 éléments traces et par fluorescence X (XRF) pour les autres éléments difficiles à doser par activation neutronique. Les travaux précédemment publiés par Gladney et al. ont été pris comme référence en particulier les valeurs recommandées (R.V.) qui sont généralement en bon accord avec nos résultats. Quelques remarques et corrections sont proposées pour expliquer certaines disparités.Six United States Geological Survey's (USGS) Geochemical Exploration References Samples (GXR) have been analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the determination of seventeen trace elements and by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS) for other trace elements difficult to determine by INAA. Our results compare favourably with the values recommended by E.S. Gladney et al. Some suggestions and corrections are proposed to explain some discrepancies.

Notes: summary  The literature has documented a controversial discussion on the possible relationship of otogenous symptoms and craniomandibular dysfunction since the 1920s. Therefore, an investigation was conducted which consisted of two parts: a case study with population-based controls and a cross-sectional study. The aim of the first study was to screen a group of patients suffering from acute or chronic tinnitus for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in comparison with a population-based group of volunteers without tinnitus. To this end, 30 patients (13 females and 17 males, age 18–71 years) suffering from acute hearing loss associated with tinnitus, isolated acute tinnitus, and chronically transient tinnitus were examined for symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction. The results were compared with those of clinical functional analysis from 1907 subjects selected representatively and according to age distribution from the epidemiological ‘Study of Health in Pomerania’ (SHIP); the occurrence of tinnitus was ruled out in these control subjects. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U-tests. Sixty per cent of the tinnitus patients and 36·5% of the control subjects exhibited more than two symptoms of TMD (P = 0·004). Tinnitus patients had significantly more muscle palpation pain (P 〈 0·001), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) palpation pain (P 〈 0·001), and pain upon mouth opening (P 〈 0·001) than the general population group. No statistical differences were found in TMJ sounds, limitation of mandibular movement, or hypermobility of the TMJ. Furthermore, 4228 subjects of the population group examined in the epidemiological study were screened for co-factors of tinnitus with the help of a multivariate logistic regression model which was adjusted for gender, age, and a variety of anamnestic and examined data. Increased odds ratios (OR) were found for tenderness of the masticatory muscles (OR = 1·6 for one to three painful muscles and OR = 2·53 for four or more painful muscles), TMJ tenderness to dorsal cranial compression (OR = 2·99), listlessness (OR = 2·0) and frequent headache (OR = 1·84) A relationship between tinnitus and TMD was established in both examinations. Tinnitus patients seem to suffer especially from myofascial and TMJ pain. A screening for TMD should be included in the diagnostic survey for tinnitus patients.

Notes: Abstract Given a nonlinear control system $$\dot x(t) = f(x(t)) + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {u_i (t)g_i (x(t))}$$ on ℝ n and a pointx 0 in ℝ n , we want to approximate the system nearx 0 by a linear system. Of course, one approach is to use the usual Taylor series linearization. However, the controllability properties of both the nonlinear and linear systems depend on certain Lie brackets of the vector field under consideration. This suggests that we should construct a linear approximation based on Lie bracket matching atx 0. In general, the linearizations based on the Taylor method and the Lie bracket approach are different. However, under certain mild assumptions, we show that there is a coordinate system for ℝ n nearx 0 in which these two types of linearizations agree. We indicate the importance of this agreement by examining the time responses of the nonlinear system and its linear approximation and comparing the lower-order kernels in Volterra expansions of each.