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Quantitative analysis of an experimental white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Penaeus monodon Fabricius using competitive polymerase chain reaction (2001)

Tan, L T ; Soon, S ; Lee, K L ; [et al.]

Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Journal of fish diseases 24 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2761

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) has been a major pathogen of cultured Penaeus monodon Fabricius in Malaysia since 1994. As quantitative study on the replication of WSSV is in its infancy, competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for quantitative study of an experimental WSSV infection per os in growout P. monodon. Gills, abdominal integument and abdominal muscle were selected for viral quantification. Infection was detectable as early as 14 h postinfection (h p.i.) in both gills and integument, but the infection in muscle was only detected at 24 h p.i. Gill tissue had the highest viral load, followed by integument and muscle. Typical viral growth curves were obtained for all organs with distinct phases of eclipse (0–24 h p.i.), logarithmic (24–48 h p.i.) and the plateau (48–120 h p.i.). Cumulative mortality rapidly increased from 48 h p.i. and reached 100% at the end of the plateau phase at 120 h p.i. Gross signs of white spots and reddish discoloration were also obvious in moribund individuals from the plateau phase. Based on the three phases of viral growth, WSSV infection was classified into light, moderate and heavy infection stages.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00286.x

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Characterization of transport across cellulose acetate membranes in the presence of strong solute-membrane interactions (1980)

Burghoff, H.-G. ; Lee, K. L. ; Pusch, W.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 323-347

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ISSN: 0021-8995

Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Certain organic solutes, including phenol, undergo anomalous enrichment when hyperfiltered through cellulose acetate membranes: the solute concentration is higher in the permeate than in the feed solution. A number of existing theoretical approaches describing hyperfiltration phenomena are presented and their merits and limitations upon application to the transport of phenol discussed. A new two-parameter transport relationship is derived based on an extension of the solution-diffusion model. The enrichment, or negative solute rejection by the membrane, is predicted to occur whenever the pressure-induced solute permeation velocity exceeds that of water. By acknowledging and incorporating the effect of pressure on the chemical potential of the solute, the present extended solution-diffusion model relationship successfully describes hyperfiltration data of phenol in homogeneous and asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes provided the contribution of convective flow to the overall solute transport is insignificant. In addition to the transport parameters of the extended solution-diffusion model, the transport parameters of the phenomenological, Kedem-Spiegler, and combined viscous flow-frictional relationship are evaluated from hyperfiltration data obtained with 0.05 and 0.1 wt % phenol feed solutions and homogeneous cellulose acetate membranes of different acetyl content.

Additional Material: 6 Ill.