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  • 2000-2004  (24)
  • 1940-1944  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatiotemporal analysis of experimental differences in event-related potential data with partial least squares (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 38 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: One challenge in the analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) is to identify task-related differences in scalp topography. The multivariate Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis was used to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of ERP differences related to experimental manipulations. Two simulations included latency shifts and amplitude changes at peaks with temporal overlap. PLS identified effects only at modeled timepoints and electrodes. In contrast, principal components analysis identified differences at most timepoints. We also demonstrated that PLS identified combinations of waveform differences, not isolated sources. ERP components in an auditory oddball task were also assessed with PLS. The primary distinction was between ERPs on hit and correct rejection trials, expressed at multiple timepoints and electrodes. PLS provides a mechanism to describe experimental differences in ERP waveforms, simultaneously across the head.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0048577201991681
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related decline in inhibitory control contributes to the increased Stroop effect observed in older adults (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Past research has demonstrated an age-related increase in the Stroop effect. Some theorists have suggested that this increase results from a decline in the ability to inhibit word information on incongruent trials, whereas others have suggested that the decline reflects general slowing. These two hypotheses were evaluated using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) measured while younger and older adults performed the Stroop task. As expected, the Stroop effect was greater for older than younger adults. The ERP data revealed a selective age-related attenuation of two modulations reflecting the inhibition of word information on incongruent trials. Latency of the P3 wave did not increase to a greater extend for older than younger adults from the congruent to incongruent trials as expected based on the general slowing hypothesis. Taken together, these findings support the inhibitory deficit hypothesis by demonstrating an age-related decline in a conceptual level inhibitory process that supports the suppression of word information in the Stroop task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3720179
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHROMOSOME-MICROTUBULE INTERACTIONS DURING MITOSIS (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 18 (2002), S. 193-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1081-0706
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spindle microtubules interact with mitotic chromosomes, binding to their kinetochores to generate forces that are important for accurate chromosome segregation. Motor enzymes localized both at kinetochores and spindle poles help to form the biologically significant attachments between spindle fibers and their cargo, but microtubule-associated proteins without motor activity contribute to these junctions in important ways. This review examines the molecules necessary for chromosome-microtubule interaction in a range of well-studied organisms, using biological diversity to identify the factors that are essential for organized chromosome movement. We conclude that microtubule dynamics and the proteins that control them are likely to be more important for mitosis than the current enthusiasm for motor enzymes would suggest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.18.032002.132412
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General Practitioners' views on the English national smoking cessation guidelines (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 96 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Objectives. Several countries have followed the US example in publishing national guidelines on smoking cessation interventions. Gauging responses to these guidelines can provide important lessons for future implementation and revision internationally. This study sought to assess General Practitioners' (GPs') views on recently published English smoking cessation guidelines that form the foundation of the UK National Health Service's smoking cessation strategy. Design. Postal survey in which GPs were asked to judge the appropriateness, effectiveness and practicability of key recommendations for primary care in recent national smoking cessation guidelines. Setting. General practice, England and Wales. Subjects. Random national sample of GPs; 236 GPs completed the questionnaire; effective response rate: 62%. Results. Only 16% of GPs accepted that all the recommendations in the guidelines were appropriate; 43% accepted that it was appropriate to check the smoking status of known smokers when they visit the surgery and only 30% thought it was practicable to advise smokers to stop at every opportunity. However, 77% of GPs thought that they should provide assistance for smokers wanting to stop; 74% believed that they should refer smokers to specialist services if appropriate and a similar proportion (77%) believed that it was appropriate to recommend nicotine replacement therapy. Conclusions. There was greater acceptance by GPs that they should assist smokers wanting to stop than that they should routinely monitor smoking status and give opportunistic advice to patients to stop. Given that opportunistic advice is a cornerstone of the national guidelines there is a need to find ways of reconciling what is being recommended and what GPs feel is appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9679978.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two comments on Gossop's Editorial, "A web of dependence" (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 96 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96577512.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Another mirror shattered? Tobacco industry involvement suspected in a book which claims that nicotine is not addictive (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 97 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00001.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theories of addiction (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 96 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96131.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does exercise aid smoking cessation? A systematic review (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims: To assess the effectiveness of exercise-based interventions in smoking cessation. Design: A systematic review was conducted of articles published between 1980 and 1999. The review focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which the specific effects of exercise on smoking abstinence were examined. The primary dependent variable was smoking abstinence. Other studies which had both exercise programming as an independent variable and smoking behaviour as a dependent variable are briefly discussed. Participants: The review included interventions targeting both healthy individuals and those with specific medical conditions. Settings: The interventions were delivered in both community and inpatient settings. Measurements: Information extracted from each article included details of the participants, exercise and smoking cessation programmes, control conditions, exercise adherence rates, length of follow-up and outcomes. Findings: Of the eight trials satisfying our inclusion criteria, only two trials found a positive effect for exercise on smoking abstinence. The others showed no effect. Conclusions: There is some evidence for exercise aiding smoking cessation. Of the two trials finding a positive effect one was rigorously designed, the other was found to have numerous methodological limitations. Trials showing no effect lacked sensitivity. This was principally because of small sample sizes and inadequate measurement and control of exercise adherence. There is a need for more rigorously designed studies in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9521996.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A checklist for writing up research reports (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951217594.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What counts as a conflict of interest: reply to criticisms made by Frenk & Dar (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 97 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.0050c.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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