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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1860-1869
  • Hipposideros  (1)
  • Key words:Barker hypothesis – Bone density – Breastfeeding – Children  (1)
  • Key words Community structure  (1)
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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1860-1869
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breastfeeding in Early Life and Bone Mass in Prepubertal Children: A Longitudinal Study (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 146-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Barker hypothesis – Bone density – Breastfeeding – Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether breastfeeding in early life is associated with bone mass in prepubertal children. We studied 330 8-year-old male and female children from Southern Tasmania representing 47% of those who originally took part in a birth cohort study of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in 1988. Breastfeeding intention and habit were assessed in both 1988 and 1996. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray densitometry. Children who were breastfed had higher bone mineral density at the femoral neck (+0.20 SD, p= 0.07), lumbar spine (+0.25 SD, p= 0.03) and total body (+0.29 SD, p= 0.006) compared with those who were bottle-fed. This association with breastfeeding was present in children born at term (femoral neck: +0.26 SD, p= 0.05; lumbar spine: +0.34 SD, p= 0.007; total body: +0.41 SD, p= 0.0008) but not those born preterm, and remained significant after adjustment for size, lifestyle factors and socioeconomic factors. Breastfeeding for less than 3 months was not associated with increased bone mass at any site. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated a beneficial association between breastfeeding in early life and bone mass in 8-year-old children born at term, particularly those breastfed for 3 months or longer, which appears biological. If this association is confirmed in other populations and persists until the attainment of peak bone mass then the implication would be that osteoporosis prevention programs need to start very early in the life cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00004176
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource partitioning in rhinolophoid bats revisited (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 124 (2000), S. 332-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Community structure ; Rhinolophus ; Hipposideros ; Echolocation ; Wing morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We assessed the ecomorphological structure of a guild of rhinolophoid bats in a Malaysian rainforest first described by Heller and von Helversen (1989). These authors found that the distribution of echolocation call frequencies used by 12 syntopic species was more even than expected from allometric relationships or in randomly generated communities, and that the observed minimal ratio was greater than expected by chance alone. In this study we were able to expand their guild to 15 species, but in doing so it became apparent that call frequencies might be less evenly distributed across the total frequency range than previously proposed. We replicated Heller and von Helversen’s (1989) analyses with the full 15-species complement but were unable to support their suggestion that rhinolophoid bats exhibit resource partitioning through differences in frequency bands. We adopted a multivariate approach and incorporated measures of body size and wing morphology into the analysis. We used phylogenetic autocorrelation to ensure that the species were statistically independentand principal component analysis to describe the morphological space occupied by the 15 species in the community and four additional species representing the extremes of phenotypic variation. We derived interspecific Euclidean distances and tested the mean values and SDs of these distances against those of 100 guilds of ”synthetic” species created randomly within the principal component space. The guild of Rhinolophoidea was not distributed randomly in multivariate space. Instead we found evidence of morphological overdispersion of the most similar species, which suggests niche differentiation in response to competition. Less similar species were nearer in morphological space than expected, and we suggest this is a consequence of ecological constraints on parameter combinations. Despite this underdispersion, many of the more distant neighbours were evenly rather than randomly spaced or clumped in morphospace, suggesting that, given the environmental constraints on morphology, species in this guild do experience limits to their similarity. Finally, we tested the influence of the relative abundance of species on morphological displacement, and found no evidence that abundant, spatially correlated species reduce interspecific overlap in morphological space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008866
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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