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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1319-1324 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An experimental device is reported that utilizes time-correlated nanosecond light pulses in combination with photoionization mass spectrometry. A primary light pulse is generated by a tunable dye laser in the ultraviolet regime, which photolyzes neutral gas targets under collision free conditions. Subsequently, a time-correlated extreme ultraviolet-light pulse comes from a laser-produced plasma that is monochromatized in the 10–25 eV regime. The photolysis products are ionized by one-photon absorption, so that the cations are finally detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The performance of this experimental approach is characterized by investigating the primary photolysis products of chlorine dioxide. Finally, possible applications of this approach are briefly discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 14 (1975), S. 1817-1822 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 3316-3322 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sulfur 1s excitation of S2 and S8 is reported. The experiments made use of monochromatic synchrotron radiation from the BW-1 beam line at the HASYLAB (Hamburg, Germany), where total cation yields and photoionization mass spectra were investigated as a function of the source temperature that was used for evaporation of α-sulfur. The near-edge structure undergoes characteristic changes as a function of the source temperature, reflecting significant size- and geometry-dependent changes in electronic structure of the sulfur clusters. The detailed analysis of the near-edge features is obtained from ab initio (MR-SDCI) calculations that focus on S8 and S2. The present results are discussed in comparison to previous work on inner-shell excited sulfur clusters as well as condensed sulfur. The near-edge structure of S2 is compared to that of O2 and Se2, yielding characteristic differences in core–valence and valence–valence–exchange interaction. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The impact of alcohol, condom availability, and gender on intentions to engage in casual sex and its antecedents was investigated. Students (N= 384) who were or were not intoxicated with alcohol completed measures based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in relation to having casual sex in a scenario. The scenario described sex between 2 individuals not in a relationship and manipulated the consumption of alcohol of the sexual partners and availability of condoms. The data were supportive of the TPB: Intentions were predictable from attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Results also support the inclusion of measures of past behavior and anticipated affective reactions, but not self-identity or moral norms as predictors of intentions. Alcohol in the scenario and condom availability increased intentions to have sex. There were also several interaction effects. Implications for using the TPB to understand sexual behaviors under the influence of alcohol are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 573-579 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Typus melancholicus ; Typus migraenicus ; Prämorbide Persönlichkeit ; Migräne ; Unipolare Depression ; Key words Typus melancholicus ; Typus migraenicus ; Premorbid personality ; Migraine ; Unipolar depression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In an earlier published study [16, 17, 18], it was demonstrated that migraine sufferers have personality traits significantly more strongly associated with the typus melancholicus than healthy individuals and patients with other mental and physical illnesses. They display a fixation on tidiness which manifests itself in an excessive striving for quality and quantity in performance-oriented situations. The main features of their social relationships are excessive helpfulness combined with an exaggerated tendency towards guilt avoidance and symbiotic attachment to their own families. They do not differ from unipolar depressives in these respects. The major aim of the new study is to examine whether the concept of the typus melancholicus in relation to migraine sufferers as proposed in the first study is adaptable to explaining the personality characteristics of migraine sufferers (“typus migraenicus”). Age-matched samples of 42 female migraine sufferers, 40 female patients with unipolar depression, and 41 female control subjects took part in the new study. The test instruments used were von Zerssen's Munich Personality Test (MPT) and a questionnaire specially designed by the first author for assessing the typus migraenicus (German “Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Typus migraenicus,” or FETM). The results obtained using univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrate a confirmation of the typus migraenicus concept, although to a less pronounced degree than the previous study. This can be seen as supporting evidence that, independently of the study sample and the investigators, migraine sufferers display with higher random frequency a personality profile very similar to the premorbid personality structure in unipolar depressives.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer früheren Untersuchung [16, 17, 18] konnte gezeigt werden, dass Migräniker in ihrer Persönlichkeitsausprägung gegenüber Normalpersonen sowie Patienten mit anderweitigen seelischen und körperlichen Erkrankungen signifikant stärkere Ausprägungen von Typus-melancholicus-Eigenschaften aufweisen (Festgelegtsein auf Ordentlichkeit, sich manifestierend im Beruf als Übermaß von Qualität und Quantität von Leistung, gegenüber Mitmenschen als Übermaß an Hilfsbereitschaft mit übertriebener Tendenz zur Schuldvermeidung und gegenüber der eigenen Familie als symbiontische Anhänglichkeit), während sie sich diesbezüglich von monopolar Depressiven nicht unterscheiden. Zur Überprüfung des damit erstmals objektivierten Konzepts des Typus melancholicus bei Migränikern (“Typus migraenicus”) wurde nun eine erneute Untersuchung durchgeführt an altersgematchten Stichproben von 42 Migränikerinnen, 40 Patientinnen mit einer monopolaren Depression und 41 weiblichen Kontrollpersonen. Als Testinstrumente kamen wie in der Voruntersuchung der Münchner Persönlichkeitstest (MPT) von v. Zerssen und ein vom Erstautor eigens konstruierter Fragenbogen zur Erfassung des Typus migraenicus (FETM) zur Anwendung. Als Ergebnis zeigte sich aufgrund uni- und multivariater Verfahren eine neuerliche Bestätigung des Typus-migraenicus-Konzepts, wenn auch in einem im Vergleich zur Voruntersuchung geringeren Ausprägungsgrad. Dies kann als Beleg dafür angesehen werden, dass Migränepatienten auch unabhängig von der Stichprobe überzufällig häufig ein Persönlichkeitsprofil aufweisen, das bisher durchgängig als prämorbide Struktur bei monopolar depressiven Patienten nachgewiesen werden konnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 154-157 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Recent progress on core-level excitation of molecular van der Waals clusters is reported. Resonant excitation near element K edges of isolated and clustered molecules gives rise to small spectral shifts that can only be detected with high spectral resolution. This requires the use of state-of-the-art storage-ring facilities along with insertion devices and high-resolution soft X-ray monochromators. Selected experimental results on carbon monoxide clusters are reported. For the vibrationally resolved C 1s → π* (v = 0) band of clustered CO, these indicate characteristic line broadening as well as a small red shift of 2 ± 1 meV compared with the isolated molecule. The results are discussed within the framework of the quasi-atomic approach with respect to intermolecular interactions, freezing of molecular rotations in clusters, and dynamic localization of resonant core-to-valence excitations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung T- und B-Zellzählungen, Bestimmungen der Fluidität von Ig-Rezeptoren und der Grad der Virusantigen-Expression wurden korreliert mit histologischen Befunden während der Latenzzeit und Tumorbildung von virusinduzierten Lymphomen der Maus. Zur Untersuchung kamen BALB/c Mäuse nach Infektion mit dem stark onkogenen Moloney Leukämievirus (MLV), dem mittelgradig bei der BALB/c Maus onkogenen Gross Passage A virus (GLV-A) und dem praktisch nicht onkogenen Gross 3T3 Zellkulturvirus (GLV-T). Die Methodik schloß ein: Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie mit Antiseren gegen T-Zellen, B-Zellen und MLV-intaktem Virus, Histologie und Elektronenmikroskopie. Folgender Ablauf von Veränderungen wurde beobachtet bei MLV- und GLV-A infizierten Mäusen, jedoch nicht bei GLV-T infizierten Tieren: Eine signifikante Abnahme der Fluidität von Ig-Rezeptoren und eine erhebliche Expression von Virusantigen wurden bereits bei der ersten Untersuchung, d. i. 2 Wochen nach der Infektion, beobachtet. Es folgte 5–8 Wochen später eine signifikante Herabsetzung der Prozent-T-Zellen, begleitet von einer histologisch verifizierbaren Thymusatrophie und Atrophie der thymusabhängigen Partien des lymphatischen Gewebes. Weitere 2–8 Wochen später wurden die ersten Lymphomherde histologisch im atrophischen Thymus diagnostiziert. Klinisch feststellbare und generalisierte Lymphome waren dann 20–30 Wochen nach Virusinfektion zu erheben. Ultrastrukturell fanden sich Veränderungen in Anordnung und Quantität cytoplasmatischer Mikrofilamente in proliferierenden Lymphoblasten und Lymphomzellen. Es wird geschlossen, daß die beobachteten Veränderungen auf die onkogene Wirksamkeit von Typ C Mäuse-RNS-Viren zurückzuführen ist und nicht auf eine Virusinfektion per se.
    Notes: Summary T- and B-cell counts, estimation of Ig receptor fluidity, and expression of virus-coded antigens were correlated with histological findings during the development of virus-induced mouse lymphoma. Tested were BALB/c mice after infection with the strongly oncogenic Moloney leukemia virus (MLV), the moderately oncogenic (in BALB/c mice) Gross passage A virus (GLV-A), and the essentially non-oncogenic Gross 3T3 tissue culture virus (GLV-T). Methods included immunofluorescence microscopy with antisera against T-cells, B-cells and MLV intact virus, routine histology, and electron microscopy. Following time sequence of changes was observed in mice with oncogenic MLV- and GLV-A infection but not in GLV-T infection: Significant decrease of Ig receptor fluidity and expression of virus antigen were observed already at the initial investigation,i.e. 2 weeks post virus infection. This was followed by significant decreases in percent T-cells 5–8 weeks later, accompanied by histologic atrophy of the thymus and of thymus-dependent regions of lymphatic tissues. Another 2–8 weeks after the decrease in percent T-cells occurred, the first lymphomatous foci became obvious in the thymus. Clinically overt and generalized lymphoma was diagnosed at 20–30 weeks post virus infection. Ultrastructurally, some changes in the arrangement and quantity of cytoplasmic microfilaments were noted in proliferating lymphoblasts and in lymphoma cells. It is concluded, that the described changes were related to the oncogenic potential of mouse C-type RNA viruses and not just to virus infection per se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 105 (2000), S. 371-389 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: zero-sum stochastic games ; limiting average rewards ; equilibria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We show the existence of almost stationary ∈-equilibria, for all ∈ 〉 0, in zero-sum stochastic games with finite state and action spaces. These are ∈-equilibria with the property that, if neither player deviates, then stationary strategies are played forever with probability almost 1. The proof is based on the construction of specific stationary strategy pairs, with corresponding rewards equal to the value, which can be supplemented with history-dependent δ-optimal strategies, with small δ 〉 0, in order to obtain almost stationary ∈-equilibria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1976), S. 154-166 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mass spectrometer equipped with a dual ionization chamber ion source has been used to characterize directly the neutral species produced in the dissociative ionization of gases by electron impact. Neutral fragment mass spectra have been obtained for the electron ionization and fragmentation of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, mesitylene and isotopically labeled toluene. The neutral fragment mass spectra correlate well with the structures of the molecules. The abundant species in the neutral fragment mass spectra also correlate reasonably well with the abundant complementary positive ions of the normal mass spectra. Ionization potentials have been determined for the abundant neutral species produced. Where comparisons with values reported elsewhere are possible, the agreement is usually within ±0.2 eV or less.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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