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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophages from High-Risk HLA-DQB1*0201/*0302 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients are Hypersensitive to Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Levels of nonantigen-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin in macrophages isolated from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, first-degree relatives and healthy controls were determined. We hypothesize that monocytes isolated from patients are sensitized or preactivated and therefore, have an altered response to in vitro stimulus compared with control groups as measured by levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. In this study, peripheral blood monocytes were differentiated to macrophages with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) to determine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12 and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) secretion from hetero- or homozygous HLA DQB1*0201 and *0302 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, first-degree relatives and homozygous HLA DQB1*0602 healthy controls. LPS-stimulated secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was immediate and markedly higher in the HLA-DQB1*0201/*0302 type 1 diabetes patients compared with all other groups including HLA-matched healthy first-degree relatives. In DQB1*0201/*0302 diabetes patients PGE-2 secretion was delayed but increased by LPS stimulation compared with HLA-matched healthy relatives. IL-12 was not detected at any condition. These data suggest that macrophages from DQB1*0201/*0302 type 1 diabetes patients are sensitized to secrete both cytokines and PGE-2 following nonantigenic stimulation. Sensitized macrophages may be important to high-risk DQB1*0201/*0302-associated type 1 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01150.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the major histocompatibility complex (H-2) on experimental diabetes in mice (1979)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 16 (1979), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Experimental diabetes mellitus ; glucose intolerance ; virus ; autoimmunity ; immune response genes ; islet-cell-surface antibody ; major histocompatibility locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mice with different histocompatibility loci on an identical background genome (congenic resistant lines of mice) were used to study the possible influence of the histocompatibility complex on experimental diabetes. The major histocompatibility complex (H-2) was not found to influence the diabetogenic effect of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. In contrast the glucose intolerance following heterologous and homologous immunization with pancreatic antigens appeared H-2 influenced. Antibodies against cell surface components on viable B-cells were present in serum from mice with glucose intolerance induced by homologous immunization. The results suggest that the susceptibility to experimental autoimmune diabetes in mice is influenced by the H-2 complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01225459
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible toxic effects of normal and diabetic patient serum on pancreatic B-cells (1978)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 14 (1978), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; pancreatic B-cells ; serum cytotoxicity ; serum complement ; islet cell antibodies ; rubidium accumulation ; insulin release ; autoimmunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum from normal blood-donors and juvenile diabetic patients inhibited Rb+ accumulation and stimulated release of 51Cr and insulin in suspensions of dispersed pancreatic islet cells prepared from ob/ob mouse islets, which are rich in B-cells. The effects indicate the presence of a B-cytotoxic factor in human serum. Serum from mouse and fetal calf also inhibited the islet cell accumulation of Rb+. Toxicity was not suppressed by treating serum with protein A-Sepharose and did not correlate with islet cell binding of fluorescent antibodies to human immunoglobulin. Whereas all sera inhibited Rb+ accumulation, 3 of 6 diabetic patient sera, but no blood-donor serum, made the cells fluoresce on exposure to the fluorescent antibodies. Supporting a dependence on complement, toxicity remained after dialysis, but was destroyed by treating serum with zymosan-A or heating at 56 ° for 30 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429704
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The World Health Organization International Collaborative Study for Islet Cell Antibodies (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1282-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Standards, ICA, GAD65, IA-2, diabetes, diagnostics, autoantibodies, islet cells.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Islet cell autoantibodies are a specific marker for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Standardisation of islet cell antibodies and the uniform reporting in International units is critical to research and the development of assays for islet cell autoantibodies as diagnostics.¶Methods. The suitability of a candidate serum to serve as the international standard for islet cell antibodies was studied by 19 participants in 8 countries. In addition, the purpose was to investigate whether the serum could also serve as a standard for antibodies to the 65 000 Mr isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and islet antigen-2 (IA-2). Control sera were included in the study to assess the validity of the various assay systems. The sera were lyophilized to World Health Organization criteria and the candidate serum assigned the ampoule code number 97/550.¶Results. The use of 97/550 was shown to notably reduce inter laboratory variability in the measurement of islet cell antibodies. In addition, there was a pronounced reduction in inter laboratory variability in the measurement of GAD65 and IA-2 antibodies. ¶Conclusions/interpretation. On the basis of the results reported here and with agreement of the participants, the preparation 97/550 has been established by the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Biological Standards for establishment as the first international standard for islet cell antibodies, with an assigned potency of 20 international units. In addition, 97/550 can serve as an international reference reagent for specific GAD65 antibodies, with an assigned potency of 100 units. It can also serve as a National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) reference reagent for IA-2 antibodies for evaluation of assays for this material. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1282–1292]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051524
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5′-AMP hydrolysis by suspensions and homogenates of pancreatic islet cells from normal and cortisone-treated rats (1979)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 63 (1979), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Suspensions of endocrine pancreas cells were prepared by shaking collagenase-isolated rat islets of Langerhans in calcium-free buffer. When incubated with 1.0 mM substrate at pH 7.4, the cells split,P i from 5′-AMP at a rate of 87 nmol/h per μg DNA, and fromβ-glycerophosphate at a rate of 25 nmol/h per μg DNAK m for 5′ AMP was about 54 μM. Adenosine or theophylline inhibited the 5′-AMP hydrolysis. Homogenization of the cells increased the activity toward 5′-AMP by 23% and that towardβ-glycerophosphate by 115%. Injecting rats with cortisone had no effect on the 5′-AMP hydrolysis by whole cells but significantly increased the activity in cell homogenates; the intracellular activity toward 5′-AMP was more than doubled by the cortisone treatment. Staining whole islet cells for 5′-AMP-splitting activity resulted in a demarcation of the cell periphery in control rats. Cells from cortisone-treated rats showed heavier deposits of reaction product, and their cell periphery did not stand out as clearly. It is suggested that 5′-nucleotidase is largely an ectoenzyme in normal rat islet cells. The cells also contain an as yet unidentified intracellular phosphatase that seems to be solely responsible for the increased hydrolysis of 5′-AMP in cortisone-treated rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644537
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