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A Regional Survey of the Microbiological Water Quality along the Shoreline of the Southern California Bight (2000)

Noble, Rachel T. ; Dorsey, John H. ; Leecaster, Molly ; [et al.]

Springer

Environmental monitoring and assessment 64 (2000), S. 435-447

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ISSN: 1573-2959

Keywords: regional survey ; water quality ; indicator bacteria ; total and fecal coliforms ; enterococci

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract A regional survey of the microbiological water quality along the shoreline of the Southern California Bight (SCB), from Point Conception south to Ensenada, Mexico, was conducted during August, 1998, by 36 agencies under the coordination of the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP). Microbiological water quality was assessed by calculating the percentage of shoreline-mile-days that exceeded bacterial indicator thresholds for total and fecal coliforms, total/fecal ratios, and enterococci. Sample sites were selected using a stratified random sampling approach, with the SCB recreational shoreline divided into six strata: high- and low-use sandy beaches, high- and low-use rocky shoreline, and perennial and ephemeral freshwater outlets. Samples were collected on a weekly basis at a total of 253 sites, beginning on August 2nd, 1998 and continuing for five weeks. Samples were analyzed by 22 participating labs using their normal methods (multiple tube fermentation, membrane filtration, Colilert® and/or Enterolert®). All labs met testing criteria established through intercalibration exercises and quality control check samples distributed during the sampling period. Nearly 95% of the shoreline-mile days did not exceed daily and monthly bacterial indicator thresholds, demonstrating good bacteriological water quality along the SCB shoreline. Freshwater outlets, comprised mainly of storm drains, had the poorest water quality with 60% and 40% of the shoreline-miles exceeding monthly and daily thresholds, respectively. Freshwater outlets were also more likely to demonstrate exceedances by multiple indicators at a single site, and repeat exceedances at sites over the five-week period. Compared with the southern California beaches, Mexican beaches had nearly 5 times the number of exceedances for total and fecal coliforms, and nearly 8 times the number of exceedances for total/fecal ratios.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006463706832

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The developmental aspect of chloroplast continuity in EuglenaSupport not specifically cited in the published papers was provided by grant GM-14595 from the National Institutes of Health and grant G-4231 from the National Science Foundation. (1968)

Schiff, Jerome A. ; Zeldin, Michael H.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Physiology 72 (1968), S. 103-127

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ISSN: 0021-9541

Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Since Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Pringsheim contains a species of DNA unique to the chloroplast, an important question concerns the extent to which light unblocks the reading of the organelle's template to provide the informational RNA's necessary to construct the plastid proteins. Experiments with 32Pi labeling of chloroplast and nonchloroplast RNA's during light-induced chloroplast development show that both the RNA of the chloroplast and of the rest of the cell become labeled during this process, with the chloroplast RNA's displaying the higher specific activity. The fact that chloroplast RNA is not uniquely labeled indicates that process other than a simple reading of the chloroplast DNA are involved. If we are to preserve the concept of a reasonable degree of chloroplast informational autonomy, we may assume, from this and other data, that the light induction of chloroplast development involves not only the unblocking of chloroplast DNA to make information available, but also a concomitant unblocking of other sites of informational RNA synthesis (e.g., nuclear and mitochondrial DNA's). Such sites external to the developing chloroplast may be concerned with making available the building blocks and energy necessary for the synthesis of chloroplast constituents coded for by the chloroplast DNA. This model leads to the prediction that photosynthesis could be gratuitous for chloroplast development if these nonchloroplast sites were providing most of the building blocks and energy. Experiments are reported which show that chloroplast formation and the acquisition of photosynthetic competence can be achieved under conditions where photosynthesis is completely inhibited for the entire span of development by using the highly selective inhibitor 3, (3,4-dichlorophenyl) 1, 1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), in agreement with the proposed model. The fact that more than just the chloroplast responds to the inducing signals for chloroplast differentiation raises the problem of experimental measurement of interaction among cellular organelles. Since chloroplast development is usually carried out in resting cells to avoid complications due to cell division, we discuss the limitations imposed by turnover in such nondividing systems and present evidence that most of the RNA labeling observed, although actinomycin-D-sensitive, is due to turnover and/or the utilization of preexisting pools. Evidence obtained with mutants of Euglena that form only partial chloroplasts or that lack plastid DNA and plastid-related structures is reported. Such evidence indicates that the functional proplastid restrains overall RNA labeling in the uninduced cells and suggests that the proplastid might be the source of regulatory metabolic signals in the normal plastid-containing cells.

Additional Material: 16 Ill.