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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1970-1974  (3)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: This study investigated the temporal expression and cell subtype distribution of activated caspase-3 following cortical impact-induced traumatic brain injury in rats. The animals were killed and examined for protein expression of the proteolytically active subunit of caspase-3, p18, at intervals from 6 h to 14 days after injury. In addition, we also investigated the effect of caspase-3 activation on proteolysis of the cytoskeletal protein α-spectrin. Increased protein levels of p18 and the caspase-3-specific 120-kDa breakdown product to α-spectrin were seen in the cortex ipsilateral to the injury site from 6 to 72 h after the trauma. Immunohistological examinations revealed increased expression of p18 in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes from 6 to 72 h following impact injury. In contrast, no evidence of caspase-3 activation was seen in microglia at all time points investigated. Quantitative analysis of caspase-3-positive cells revealed that the number of caspase-3-positive neurons exceeded the number of caspase-3-positive glia cells from 6 to 72 h after injury. Moreover, concurrent assessment of nuclear histopathology using hematoxylin identified p18-immunopositive cells exhibiting apoptotic-like morphological profiles in the cortex ipsilateral to the injury site. In contrast, no evidence of increased p18 expression or α-spectrin proteolysis was seen in the ipsilateral hippocampus, contralateral cortex, or hippocampus up to 14 days after the impact. Our results are the first to demonstrate the concurrent expression of activated caspase-3 in different CNS cells after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Our findings also suggest a contributory role of activated caspase-3 in neuronal and glial apoptotic degeneration after experimental TBI in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 5 (1966), S. 946-949 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 250 (1972), S. 273-292 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coupled system of phonons and librons is treated in the Random Phase Approximation. The short range correlations are taken into account by an effective Hamiltonian. Dispersion curves and spectra are calculated for both the fcc and hcp phases. All calculations are performed a) with quadrupole-quadrupole forces only b) including the other anisotropic forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 69 (2000), S. 161-182 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. ¶Synthese von Ca-Turmelin im System CaO-MgO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -H 2 O-HCl Im System CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-H2O-HCl wurde Ca-Turmalin hydrothermal aus Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2-haltigen Lösungen bei T = 300–700 °C und einem konstanten Fluiddruck von 200 MPa synthetisiert. Die Synthese von Turmalin war möglich ab 400 °C, aber nur oberhalb von 500 °C bildeten sich deutliche Mengen an Turmalin. Elektronenstrahl-Mikrosondenanalysen und Röntgenpulveraufnahmen zeigen, daß Mischkristalle der Reihe Oxy-Uvit, CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, und Oxy-Mg-Foitit, □(MgAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O gebildet wurden. Der Anteil an Ca variiert zwischen 0.36 und 0.88 Ca pfu und nimmt mit zunehmender Synthesetemperatur und zunehmender Ca-Konzentration im System zu. Hydroxy-Uvit, CaMg3(MgAl5) (Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH), konnte nicht synthetisiert werden. Alle Turmaline haben 〈 3 Mg und 〉 6 Al pfu. Dabei nimmt das Al/(Al + Mg)- Verhältnis mit zunehmendem Ca-Gehalt von 0.80 auf 0.70 ab. Al ist gekoppelt mit Mg und Ca über die Substitutionen Al2□Mg−2Ca−1 und AlMg−1H−1. Einphasiger Turmalin konnte nicht synthetisiert werden. Anorthit (+ Quarz in den meisten Fällen) koexistiert mit Turmalin. Andere Phasen sind Chlorit, Tremolit, Enstatit oder Cordierit. Ca zeigt eine deutliche Fraktionierung in den Festkörpern Turmalin (+ Anorthit). Das Konzentrationsverhältnis D = Ca(fluid)/Ca(tur) nimmt von 0.20 bei 500 °C auf 0.31 bei 700 °C zu. Für die Paragenese Turmalin + Anorthit + Quarz mit Chlorit oder Tremolit oder Cordierit gilt folgende Beziehung zwischen Ca-Gehalt in Turmalin und Fluid und der Temperatur: (wobei T = Temperatur in °C, Ca(tur) = Anteil an Ca auf der X-Position in Turmalin, Ca(fluid) = Konzentration von Ca2+ im Fluid in mol/l). Die Untersuchungen dienen zur ersten Abschätzung, ob Turmalin als Fluidindikator petrologisch nutzbar ist.
    Notes: Summary. ¶Ca-tourmaline has been synthesized hydrothermally in the presence of Ca(OH)2 and CaCl2-bearing solutions of different concentration at T = 300–700 °C at a constant fluid pressure of 200 MPa in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3-H2O-HCl. Synthesis of tourmaline was possible at 400 °C, but only above 500 °C considerable amounts of tourmaline formed. Electron microprobe analysis and X-ray powder data indicate that the synthetic tourmalines are essentially solid solutions between oxy-uvite, CaMg3- Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, and oxy-Mg-foitite, □(MgAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O. The amount of Ca ranges from 0.36 to 0.88 Ca pfu and increases with synthesis temperature as well as with bulk Ca-concentration in the starting mixture. No hydroxy-uvite, CaMg3(MgAl5)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH), could be synthesized. All tourmalines have 〈 3 Mg and 〉 6 Al pfu. The Al/(Al + Mg)-ratio decreases from 0.80 to 0.70 with increasing Ca content. Al is coupled with Mg and Ca via the substitutions Al2□Mg−2Ca−1 and AlMg−1H−1. No single phase tourmaline could be synthesized. Anorthite ( + quartz in most runs) has been found coexisting with tourmaline. Other phases are chlorite, tremolite, enstatite or cordierite. Between solid and fluid, Ca is strongly fractionated into tourmaline ( + anorthite). The concentration ratio D = Ca(fluid)/Ca(tur) increases from 0.20 at 500 °C up to 0.31 at 700 °C. For the assemblage turmaline + anorthite + quartz + chlorite or tremolite or cordierite, the relationship between Ca content in tourmaline and in fluid with temperature can be described by the equation (whereby T = temperature in °C, Ca(tur) = amount of Ca on the X-site in tourmaline, Ca( fluid) = concentration of Ca2+ in the fluid in mol/l). The investigations may serve as a first guideline to evaluate the possibility to use tourmaline as an indicator for the fluid composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 5 (1972), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An experimental apparatus was set up capable of measuring the Joule-Thomson-Coefficient of water and steam. The throttling-element used, with radial flow of the fluid provided the necessary open adiabatic system. The Joule-Thomson-Coefficient of water and steam was measured up to 500 bar and 380 °C. Special attention was given to the measurements in the critical region. The results agree with the values determined from the internationally stated IFC-Formulations. Systematic deviations in the vapour region agree with data found by other authors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Messung des Joule-Thomson-Koeffizienten von Wasser und Wasserdampf wurde eine Versuchsanlage errichtet. Die dabei verwendete Drosselstelle mit radialer Strömung des Mediums ermöglicht es, ein offenes, adiabates System experimentell zu verwirklichen. Messungen wurden im Wasser- und im Dampfgebiet bis 500 bar und 380 °C durchgeführt, wobei besonderes Gewicht auf die Messungen im kritischen Gebiet gelegt wurde. Die Ergebnisse stehen in guter Übereinstimmung mit den aus den international vereinbarten IFC-Gleichungssätzen berechneten Werten. Systematische Abweichungen im Dampfgebiet stimmen mit den Messungen anderer Autoren überein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 2 (1969), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract An electric analogue (conductive-sheet analogue) is described for the determination of heat-losses and temperature-distribution of pipes embedded in a layer of insulating material in the ground. — Pecularities of the conductive-sheet model as well as simulation of semi-infinite bodies are discussed in detail. For the simplified case of two tubes uninsulated in the ground possibilities of calculation or approximation of heat-losses and temperature-distribution are investigated. In many cases good agreement is obtained between prediction and experimental results. In any case the heat-losses of the steam-pipe show a distinct minimum, depending on the mutual distance of the pipes. This can be explained using the plots of the isotherms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für Rohrleitungen, die in einer Schicht aus Isoliermasse kanalfrei unmittelbar im Erdboden verlegt sind, werden mit Hilfe eines elektrischen Analogieverfahrens (Folien-Modell) die Wärmeverluste und die Temperaturfelder in der Umgebung der Rohre bestimmt. — Die Besonderheiten des Folienmodells, sowie die Nachbildung des halbunendlichen Körpers werden eingehend besprochen. Daneben wird untersucht, inwieweit es für den vereinfachten Fall zweier unisoliert im Erdboden verlegter Rohre möglich ist, Wärmeverluste und Temperaturfelder rechnerisch, u. U. näherungsweise zu ermitteln. Vergleiche der gefundenen Näherung mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen zeigen z. T. gute Übereinstimmung. — Die Wärmeverluste des Dampfrohres zeigen in jedem Fall in Abhängigkeit vom Rohrabstand ausgeprägte Minima, die mit Hilfe der Bilder der Isothermen erklärt werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 102 (1972), S. 334-347 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Quantitative determinations of the cell wall constituents (pectin, hemicellulose and α-cellulose) of growing Phaseolus aureus seedlings showed marked changes during early growth. The cell walls of the 2 to 4 days old seedlings were composed of approximately 30% α-cellulose, 50% hemicelluloses and 20% pectin. After four weeks the proportion of the different fractions had changed to approximately 60% α-cellulose, 30% hemicelluloses and 10% pectin. Quantitative sugar determinations on these polysaccharide fractions have shown that mainly the non-cellulosic fractions (hemicelluloses and pectin) underwent considerable changes in sugar composition during growth. The hemicelluloses contained non-cellulosic polysaccharides with a high glucose content, which were not starch. These were broken down in the cell walls during growth. In a series of experiments in which 14C-glucose was injected into the hypocotyls of four days old Phaseolus aureus seedlings, the transport of radioactivity to the different plant organs and its incorporation into the cell wall polysaccharides of the bean stem were studied. The major part of the radioactivity was incorporated into the cell wall of the stem tissue. Minor amounts were transported to the roots and leaves. Of the cell wall polysaccharides of the stem, the hemicellulosic fraction showed a higher rate of incorporation of the 14C-glucose than the α-cellulose in the early stages of growth. With increasing age of the plant, radioactivity was transferred from the hemicellulosic fraction to the α-cellulose, suggesting turnover of polysaccharides in the growing cell wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Balancer chromosomes Polytene chromosomes Ceratitis capitata Diptera Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The construction of the first balancer chromosome, FiM1, for the medfly Ceratitis capitata is described. This chromosome has three overlapping pericentric inversions and is marked with dominant and recessive mutations. The inversion breakpoints of FiM1 suppress recombination throughout the length of the fifth chromosome, allowing lethal mutations to be recovered and maintained. This chromosome will provide a powerful tool for the manipulation of laboratory stocks, in particular, the recovery of new mutant and transgenic strains. We demonstrate the use of FiM1 for the recovery and maintenance of chromosomes carrying lethal mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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