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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1924-1926 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report electromodulated reflectance spectra in n-i-p solar cells with hydrogenated amorphous silicon–germanium alloy absorber layers. At lower photon energies the spectra are determined by bulk electroabsorption, and exhibit peaks near the optical gap of the absorber layers. Voltage scaling of the electroabsorption spectra indicate a built-in potential of Vbi=1.17 V in cells with absorber layer band gaps of 1.50 eV; in conjunction with earlier work, this value argues against a systematic decline in Vbi with an absorber layer band gap. At higher photon energies the spectra are due to direct electroreflectance; the voltage scaling was consistent with model predictions for the electric field at the interface of the p-type and absorber layers. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 685-687 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present intensity-modulated photocurrent and infrared transmittance measurements on dye-sensitized solar cells based on a mesoporous titania (TiO2) matrix immersed in an iodine-based electrolyte. Under short-circuit conditions, we show that an elementary analysis accurately relates the two measurements. Under open-circuit conditions, infrared transmittance, and photovoltage measurements yield information on the characteristic depth at which electrons recombine with ions (the "locus of recombination"). For one particular series of samples recombination occurred near the substrate supporting the titania film, as opposed to homogeneously throughout the film. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 12 (1965), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Antibodies to purified chloroplast preparations from Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris were prepared in rabbits. Success was achieved only after removal of lipids by forming acetone powders af chloroplasts. Ouchterlony agar-diffusion procedures showed that light-grown cells (containing chloroplasts) have at least 3 antigens reacting with these antibodies and not detectable in the dark-grown cells (which contained proplastids but no chloroplasts), The antigens uniquely associated with the chloroplast appear sequentially during the development of the proplastid into the chloroplast on light induction of the dark-grown cells. The first of these antigens appears at about 10 hr of development. Mutants of the parent strain showed varying numbers of antigens which were cor-related with their capacities to form plastid structures. Cells developing abnormal chloroplasts at low light intensities did not reveal any antigenic differences from cells developing normal chloroplasts. Various antigenic bands were also found which were common to all cell types studied. These can be ascribed either to non-chloroplast contaminants in the original preparation used to immunize the rabbits or to antigens which, although not in the chloroplasts, are cross-reacting with chloroplast materials. In the case of the dark-grown cells, it is likely that portions of the proplastids are cross-reacting with chloroplast materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: To further the understanding of the natural genetic diversity for disease resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) in Arabidopsis thaliana, quantitative trait loci analysis was undertaken on recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the resistant accession Warschau-1 and the susceptible Columbia-0. Powdery mildew grew less well on Warschau-1, but the resistance was not associated with a specific block in the infection sequence. Two potential powdery mildew disease-resistance loci were identified and mapped, one with a major effect and one with a minor effect on disease resistance. The two loci acted in an additive manner to confer resistance, and together they explained 65% of the variation in resistance. In addition, the major powdery mildew disease-resistance locus was genetically mapped to the bottom of chromosome III, a region containing the powdery mildew resistance loci RPW7, RPW8 and RPW10. Unlike resistance mediated by the RPW8 locus in the accession Moscow-1, resistance in Warschau-1 was not correlated with the hypersensitive response, highlighting the influence of genetic background or environmental factors on the expression of disease resistance. Together with the powdery mildew resistance loci described in other studies, these results suggest that A. thaliana is a useful source of natural powdery mildew disease resistance, which potentially can be utilized in fundamental studies and as a tool for applied studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 175 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 171 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 78 (1974), S. 463-464 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 50 (2000), S. 37-69 
    ISSN: 0163-8998
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We review the propagation of energetic partons in hot or cold QCD matter, as known from recent work. We summarize advances in the understanding of both collisional and radiative energy loss. Our emphasis is on radiative energy loss, which has very interesting properties that may help to detect the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions. We describe two different theoretical approaches, which lead to the same radiated gluon energy spectrum. The case of a longitudinally expanding QCD plasma is investigated. The energy lost by a jet with given opening angle is calculated with the aim of making predictions for the suppression (quenching) of hard jet production. Phenomenological implications for the difference between hot and cold matter are discussed. Numerical estimates of the loss suggest that it may be significantly greater in hot matter than in cold. This makes the magnitude of the radiative energy loss a remarkable signal for quark-gluon plasma formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Review of international economics 9 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9396
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Owing to their low bargaining power and high negotiation costs, microstates face severe disadvantages when dealing with the outside world. Forming a group with neighboring nations might be an effective instrument to address this problem. This paper presents a model in which the decision to form, expand or join a regional club is based on negotiation costs and bargaining power rather than on the traditional costs and benefits of trade integration. The model is used to determine the optimal and the equilibrium group size under various entry conditions. The welfare implications of the entry conditions are also examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @world economy 25 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9701
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Law , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the economics, politics and political economy of Chile's trade and regional integration (RI) policies, and reaches the following conclusions. First, Chile is likely to obtain static and dynamic benefits from a free trade agreement (FTA) with the US, though the benefits depend crucially on the extent to which its market access to the US improves and on the costs of implementing the intellectual property rights agreement and of enforcing the rules of origin. Second, potential benefits are more doubtful with respect to FTAs with MERCOSUR and the Andean Pact and Central American countries.Third, Chile should complement its ongoing negotiations with the EU by negotiating FTAs with key Asian countries.Fourth, Chile should bind all its tariffs at the WTO at the applied MFN uniform tariff rate. Fifth, the uniform MFN tariff should be reduced below six percent after 2003.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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