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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Veränderungen der Feinstruktur des Oosoms und die Verteilung der polaren Granula im Ei und in den Polzellen sind während der frühen Embryonalentwicklung vonCoelopa frigida verfolgt worden. 1. Das Oosom setzt sich aus elektronendichten Granula von 25–35 Å Durchmesser zusammen. Diese Granula treten während der Furchungsstadien und während der Blastembildung in verschiedenen Anordnungen auf. 2. Von den ersten Furchungsteilungen bis kurz vor der Bildung des Blastems (Präblastoderm) sind die elektronendichten Granula zu globulären Untereinheiten der polaren Granula zusammengefaßt. Diese globulären Untereinheiten haben einen Durchmesser von 200–250 Å. Sie treten in den späteren Furchungsstadien deutlicher hervor. 3. Während der Blastembildung werden globuläre Untereinheiten in elektronendichte Stäbchen von etwa dem gleichen Durchmesser wie die Untereinheiten verwandelt. Mehrere Stäbchen laufen jeweils parallel, innerhalb eines einzelnen polaren Granulums treten Gruppen von Stäbchen auf, die in verschiedenen Richtungen laufen. 4. Nachdem Polzellen sich abgeschnürt haben, treten alle polaren Granula innerhalb einer Zelle miteinander in Verbindung und bilden eine concav-convex eingebuchtete Scheibe an der distalen Seite des Kerns oder an der Seite, die benachbarten Polzellen zugewandt ist. Innerhalb dieses elektronendichten Körpers können die Teile, die von einzelnen Polgranula stammen, unterschieden werden. 5. Es wird die Möglichkeit diskutiert, ob zwischen Blastembildung (d. h. Einwanderung von Kernen in das Polplasma) und der strukturellen Veränderung der Polgranula ein Zusammenhang gesehen werden kann, der als eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Kern-und Cytoplasma gewertet werden könnte.
    Notes: Summary Changes in the fine structure of polar granules and distribution of these granules in the egg and pole cells during the earliest stages of embryonic development have been observed in the eggs ofCoelopa frigida. 1. Polar granules are composed of dense granules 25–35 Å in diameter. These dense granules associate in different patterns during the cleavage stages of theCoelopa egg. 2. From early cleavage until shortly before blastema formation (preblastoderm stage) the dense granules form globular subunits, 200–250 Å in diameter, within the polar granules. These subunits become more distinct in later cleavage stages. 3. With the formation of the blastema the globular subunits are transformed into electron dense rods of varying length and approximately the same diameter as the globular subunits. Groups of parallel rods are arranged in different directions within each polar granule. 4. When pole cells have been formed, all the polar granules within each cell associate to form a complex, shaped like a concave disc, on the distal side of the nucleus or on the side pointing toward neighboring pole cells. Those components contributed by individual polar granules can still be identified within the disc. 5. The possibility of a correlation between blastema formation (i.e., the arrival of nuclei in the pole plasm) and the structural change within polar granules as an indication of nucleocytoplasmic interaction is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 175 (1974), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1427-1436 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cost-effectiveness ; induction ; interferon-α ; maintenance ; meta-analysis ; multiple myeloma ; overall survival ; relapse-free survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:After two decades of interferon (IFN) treatment inmyeloma patients and many randomised clinical trials, no definite proof of itsbenefits exists. This meta-analysis of all available relevant published datatests the differences between IFN and control arms in a large patientpopulation and addresses the issue of cost-effectiveness. Patients and methods:Meta-analysis was performed on 17 trialsamong 2333 patients who received IFN-chemotherapy induction treatment orchemotherapy alone and on 13 trials among 1615 patients on IFN maintenancetherapy or without treatment. Response rates and parameters of publishedKaplan–Meier relapse-free and overall survival curves were analysed. Results:Patients in IFN arms showed significantly better resultsin all investigated parameters: IFN-chemotherapy induction treatment yielded6.6% higher response rates (2P 〈 0.002) as well as4.8-month and 3.1-month prolongations of relapse-free (P 〈 0.01)and overall survival (P 〈 0.01), respectively. Interferonmaintenance therapy lead to 4.4-month (P 〈 0.01) and 7.0-month(P 〈 0.01) prolongations of relapse-free and overall survival,respectively. Meta-analysis of all IFN trials combined resulted in 4.6-monthand 3.7-month IFN-related gains in relapse-free and overall survival,respectively. As early as 6 and 12 months after the start of IFN treatment,percentages of cumulative relapse-free and overall survival were alwayssignificantly higher in IFN trial arms. IFN drug expenses for a one-yearsurvival gain, as determined from AUCs of best-fitted Gompertz functions ofIFN and control survival curves, were estimated to be US$42,482.28 forinduction therapy and US$18,968.16 for maintenance treatment. Conclusions:Significantly superior outcomes were consistentlyfound in IFN trial arms by meta-analysis of published data. These results arein accordance with a concomittantly conducted meta-analysis on individualpatient data but were much easier to accrue. Taking all our results intoaccount, i.e., the consistently significant, although limited, improvement ofclinical outcomes and its acceptable cost-effectiveness, IFN treatment ofpatients with multiple myeloma seems worthwhile to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Mesoporous materials ; MCM-41 ; MCM-48 ; Immobilisation ; Solid-state NMR ; Heterogeneous catalysis ; Titanium ; Titanocenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titanium(IV)-grafted mesoporous silicas have been prepared by diffusion of an excess of the ansa-bridged titanocene [SiMe2(η5-C5H4)2]TiCl2 into the channels of hexagonal MCM-41 and cubic MCM-48 in dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The choice of solvent determines the course of the reaction and hence the activity of the resulting materials as catalysts in the catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene with tert-butylhydroperoxide. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR (13C, 29Si) spectroscopy was used to characterise the local environment of the surface-bound titanium active sites. When dichloromethane is used, the dominant species anchored to the surface are isolated ansa-bridged titanocene fragments. When THF is used, the [SiMe2(η5-C5H4)2] unit is lost with the concomitant formation of surface-bound TiIV species coordinated by THF molecules. These materials showed the best catalytic performance per Ti atom for the conversion of cyclooctene. All materials were further characterised by means of elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption and FTIR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Diptera ; Spermiogenesis ; Nuclear condensation ; Accessory membranes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Querschnitte durch Spermatiden von Coelopa frigida zeigen ungewöhnliche Membranstrukturen. Diese Membranen treten in jungen Spermatiden zunächst als zusätzliche Membranschichten an zwei gegenüberliegenden Sciten der Kernmembran auf. Mit fortschreitender Spermienreifung rollen die Enden der Membranen ein, so daß sie das Erscheinungsbild eines Querschnittes durch eine Schriftrolle (scroll) geben. Die Funktion dieser Struktur ist unbekannt, möglicherweise ist sie an der Verdichtung des Chromatins beteiligt. Eine zweite Struktur, die in C. frigida stärker ausgeprägt ist als in anderen Dipteren, ist eine extranukleäre, granuläre Masse in engem Kontakt mit den Zentriolen. Eine Öffnung in der Kernmembran scheint Materialaustausch zwischen dieser Masse und dem Kerninneren zu ermöglichen.
    Notes: Summary Membranes of unknown functions are observed in transverse sections of developing spermatids of Coelopa frigida. These membranes appear as accessory layers of the nuclear envelope of young spermatids. The end regions of the accessory membranes curl up to form a scroll-like structure as the spermatid matures. Two scroll-like structures are found in all spermatids. The scroll-like structure could be involved in nuclear condensation. A second structure, the eentriolar adjunct in the posterior region of the nucleus is in direct contact with the chromatin during its condensation. A gap in the nuclear membrane seems to facilitate the passage of material between the nucleus and the centriolar adjunct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 900-907 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies in the Pyrimidine Series, XXIV. 1.3-Disubstituted 5-Acyloxyimino-4-alkyliminouracils, a New Group of „Activated Esters“Acylation of 1,3-disubstituted 5-nitroso-4-alkylaminouracils (1-3) leads to the corresponding 5-acyloxyimino-4-alkylimino derivatives (4-19, 21). The compounds represent activated esters and can be used for the transfer of acyl groups.
    Notes: Durch Acylierung von 1.3-disubstituierten 5-Nitroso-4-alkylamino-uracilen (1-3) werden die entsprechend substituierten 5-Acyloxyimino-4-alkylimino-Derivate (4-19, 21) erhalten Sie stellen aktivierte Ester dar, die für Acylgruppenübertragungen verwendet werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cleavage and blastoderm formation in Coelopa frigida are extremely rapid developmental processes. In short (6-7 minutes) successive cell cycles, nuclei multiply and spread out through the egg. The movement seems to be aided by endoplasmic vesicles and cisternae which are in direct contact with the nuclear membrane. The first cells to separate from the egg plasmodium in early superficial cleavage stages are the pole cells.Precursor material from multivesicular bodies forms the pole cell membranes. The primary nuclei from the posterior pole region are removed from the blastoderm by the pole cell segregation. Blastoderm nuclei from the regions adjacent to the posterior pole migrate into the residual periplasm after pole cell segregation has been completed and constitute the blastoderm nuclei in that region of the egg. Nucleoli are not revealed during internal cleavage. They appear in pole cells shortly after their segregation. The generation time of the blastoderm nuclei increases after the twelfth cleavage. Concurrently, nucleoli form in the blastoderm nuclei and permanent cell membranes separate individual blastoderm cells. After blastoderm cells have been separated from each other, they remain in contact with the interior yolk sac by means of cytoplasmic canals. This contact is maintained at least during the early phases of blastokinesis. Observations on nuclear migration and rapid membrane formation are discussed as examples of protein assembly from subunits as an alternative to de novo protein synthesis in early stages of development.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 885-899 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Purines, IX. A New Mild Purine synthesisA new purine synthesis starting from 5-nitroso-and 4-aminopyrimidines is described. Acylation leads to 5-nitroso-and 5-nitro-4-acylaminopyrimidines (7-24,45-51, respectively) which after reduction to the corresponding 5-amino derivatives could be cyclisized under mild conditions to purines (30-37,52-55).
    Notes: Eine neue von 5-Nitro-4-amino-pyrimidinen ausgehende Purinsynthese wird beschrieben. Durch Acylierung werden zunächst 5-Nitroso- und 5-Nitro-4-acylaminopyrimidine (7-24 bzw. 45-51) erhalten, die sich nach Reduction zu den entsprechenden 5-Amino-Derivaten unter milden Bedingungen zu Purinen (30-37, 52-55) cyclisieren lassen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 103 (1970), S. 908-916 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies in the Pyrimidine Series, XXV. Synthesis and Reactions of 5-Acyloxyimino-4-acyliminopyrimidinesAcylation of various substituted 5-nitroso-4-amino-6-oxodihydropyrimidines leads to 5-acyloxyimino-4-acylimino-pyrimidine derivatives (3 -11). These activated eters transfer both acyl groups to nucleophiles. On catalytic reduction 8-substituted theophyllines and 4-amino-5-acylaminopyrimidines, respectively, are obtained. 2-Dimethylamino-4-acetamino-6-oxo-5-acetoxyimino-5.6-dihydropyrimidine (25) was recognized as intermediate in the known pyrimidine → s-triazine rearrangement.
    Notes: Durch Acylierung verschieden substituierter 5-Nitroso-4-amino-6-oxo-dihydropyrimidine werden 5-Acyloxyimino-4-acylimino-pyrimidine-Derivate (3 -11) erhalten. Als aktivierte Ester können sie beide Acylreste auf nucleophile Agentien übertragen. Katalytische Reduktionen führen zu 8-substituierten Theophyllinen (15-18) bzw. unter Acylwanderung zu 4-Amino-5-acylamino-uracilen (19-21). Das 2-Dimethylamino-4-acetamino-6-oxo-5-acetoxyimino-5.6-dihydro-pyramidin (25) wurde als Zwischenprodukt der bekannten Pyrimidin → s-Triazin-Umlagerung erkannt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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