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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potassium channel: Structure, selectivity and diffusion (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 8191-8204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We employ the entire experimentally determined protein structure for the KcsA potassium channel from Streptomyces lividans in molecular dynamics calculations to observe hydrated channel protein structure, ion solvation, selectivity, multiple ion configurations, and diffusion. Free energy perturbation calculations display a significant ion discrimination of ∼9 kT in favor of the larger K+ ion. The protein forming the channel is very flexible yet is unable to fully solvate the Na+ ion because of its smaller size and large solvation energy. There is evidence that acidic and basic sidechains may dissociate in the presence of multiple K+ ions to explain experimental ion density maps. K+ diffusion is found to vary from approximately 10%–90% of bulk, supporting the high channel currents observed experimentally. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481420
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trailing vortices in a free-surface flow (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 827-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The free-surface effect on two-dimensional flow structures, especially on the trailing vortices, is investigated numerically in this paper. The solution procedure employs a higher-order semi-implicit projection method. The numerical results have been compared with experimental data on wave elevation disturbed by a submerged translating hydrofoil with a positive angle of attack. The schematic computations reveal some interesting and unique characteristics of the trailing-vortex development in a laminar flow beneath a free surface. Based on the computational data, an empirical Strouhal–Reynolds–Froude number relationship is proposed for the purely laminar vortex shedding in a free-surface flow. Moreover, the numerical findings also indicate that the presence of a free surface accelerates the Strouhal vortex frequency, yet delays not only the onset of a large-scale Kármán instability but also the occurrence of transitional behaviors. The shedding frequency downshifts drastically or even becomes discontinuous when the secondary vortex grows on the suction side. A metastable transition frequency emerges at the same time and becomes distinct with increasing Reynolds number. The variation of the vortex-shedding Strouhal number with respect to both Reynolds and Froude numbers is obtained. The power spectra of the trailing wake consist of harmonics of the vortex-shedding and transition frequencies (mfs,nft), as well as their combinations (mfs±nft). © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1432320
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering of surface waves by a semi-infinite floating elastic plate (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 13 (2001), S. 3215-3222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new inner product is developed based on the Fourier analysis to study the scattering of surface waves by a floating semi-infinite elastic plate in a two-dimensional water domain of finite depth. The eigenfunctions for the plate-covered region are orthogonal with respect to this new inner product. The problem is studied for various wave and geometrical conditions. Especially, the influence of different edge conditions on the hydrodynamic behavior is investigated and compared. The edge conditions considered in the present study involve (i) a free edge, (ii) a simply supported edge, and (iii) a built-in edge. The hydrodynamic performance of an elastic plate is characterized for various conditions in terms of wave reflection and transmission, plate deflection, and surface strain. It is observed that the hydrodynamic behavior depends on the wave conditions, the geometrical settings, and the edge conditions. The built-in edge condition induces the maximum wave reflection and the minimum wave transmission. The free edge condition leads to the maximum plate deflection. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1408294
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEM AGGREGATION FOR WATERSHED MODELING (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The widely available USGS 7.5-minute Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has a cell size of approximately 30 m × 30 m. This high resolution topographic information is impractical for many applications of distributed hydrologic and water quality models. In this study, cells were aggregated into coarse-resolution areal units, termed grids, and a method to approximate flow direction for coarse-resolution grids from 30 m DEM cells was developed. The method considers the flow path defined from the fine-resolution DEM in determining a grid's flow direction and makes flow directions for grids closely follow the flow pattern suggested by the DEM. The aggregation method was applied to a DEM of Goodwater Creek, a nearly flat watershed that is located in central Missouri. The drainage networks derived for different levels of cell aggregations showed that grid aggregates of the Goodwater Creek watershed provided an adequate representation of the landscape topography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04288.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Low SALT DIET in patients with Type II diabetes significantly amplifies the effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade with Losartan (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.005003a71.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HIV evolution: CTL escape mutation and reversion after transmission (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 10 (2004), S. 282-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Within-patient HIV evolution reflects the strong selection pressure driving viral escape from cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) recognition. Whether this intrapatient accumulation of escape mutations translates into HIV evolution at the population level has not been evaluated. We studied over 300 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm992
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IFNγ and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 1107-1111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Lymphocytes were originally thought to form the basis of a ‘cancer immunosurveillance’ process that protects immunocompetent hosts against primary tumour development, but this idea was largely abandoned when no differences in primary tumour development were found between athymic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35074122
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high incidence of Shigella-induced arthritis in a primate species: major histocompatibility complex class I molecules associated with resistance and susceptiblity, and their relationship to HLA-B27 (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 51 (2000), S. 314-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Nonhuman primate ; Spondyloarthropathy ; Reactive arthritis ; Autoimmunity ; Major histocompatibility locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene, HLA-B27, is a strong risk factor for susceptibility to a group of disorders termed spondyloarthropathies. Rodents that express HLA-B27 develop spondyloarthropathies, implicating HLA-B27 in the etiology of these disorders. To determine whether an HLA-B27-like molecule was associated with spondyloarthropathies in nonhuman primates, we analyzed the MHC class I cDNAs expressed in a cohort of rhesus macaques that developed reactive arthritis after an outbreak of shigellosis. We identified several cDNAs with only limited sequence similarity to HLA-B27. Interestingly, one of these MHC molecules had a B pocket identical to that of HLA-B39. Pool sequencing of radiolabeled peptides bound by this molecule demonstrated that, like HLA-B27 and HLA-B39, it could bind peptides with arginine at the second position. However, extensive analysis of the MHC class I molecules in this cohort revealed no statistically significant association between any particular MHC class I allele and susceptibility to reactive arthritis. Furthermore, none of the rhesus MHC class I molecules bore a strong resemblance to HLA-B27, indicating that reactive arthritis can develop in this animal model in the absence of an HLA-B27-like molecule. Surprisingly, there was a statistically significant association between the rhesus macaque MHC A locus allele, Mamu-A*12, and the absence of reactive arthritis following Shigella infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050625
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