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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1915-1919
  • Alveolar recruitment  (1)
  • Brain stem  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A neuropathological analysis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with predominant brain stem and cerebellar involvement and differences between active and passive induction (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 174-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ; Neuropathology ; Cerebellum ; Brain stem ; Myelin proteolipid protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that can be induced in a variety of animal species and which is commonly used as an animal model of multiple sclerosis. In rodent EAE models, the clinical disease is typified by ascending paralysis; however, other clinical patterns can also be observed by inducing disease with particular peptides of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Here we describe EAE induced in C3H/HeJ mice by inoculation with residues 190–209 of PLP. This form of EAE is manifested clinically by a movement disorder, with axial rotation of the head and trunk. Histologically, this form of EAE is characterized by predominant cerebellar or brain stem involvement, depending on whether EAE is induced by active immunization with the PLP peptide, or by passive transfer of T cells specific for the peptide. The inflammatory cell infiltrate is composed of polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells. This rotatory form of EAE may be a useful model for studying the neuropathological characteristics of multiple sclerosis affecting the brain stem and cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004019900163
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional distribution of gas and tissue in acute respiratory distress syndrome. III. Consequences for the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 1215-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute respiratory distress syndrome ; Positive end-expiratory pressure ; Computed tomography ; Alveolar recruitment ; Lung overdistension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine whether differences in lung morphology assessed by computed tomography (CT) affect the response to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).¶Design: Prospective study over a 53-month period.¶Setting: Fourteen-bed surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital.¶Patients and participants: Seventy-one consecutive patients with early adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).¶Measurements and results: Fast spiral thoracic CT was performed at zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and after implementation of PEEP 10 cmH2O. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were measured in both conditions. PEEP-induced overdistension and alveolar recruitment were quantified by specifically designed software (Lungview). Overdistension occurred only in the upper lobes and was significantly correlated with the volume of lung, characterized by a CT attenuation ranging between –900 and –800 HU in ZEEP conditions. Cardiorespiratory effects of PEEP were similar in patients with primary and secondary ARDS. PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment of the lower lobes was significantly correlated with their lung volume (gas + tissue) at functional residual capacity. PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment was greater in the lower lobes with “inflammatory atelectasis” than in the lower lobes with “mechanical atelectasis.” Lung morphology as assessed by CT markedly influenced the effects of PEEP: in patients with diffuse CT attenuations PEEP induced a marked alveolar recruitment without overdistension, whereas in patients with lobar CT attenuations PEEP induced a mild alveolar recruitment associated with overdistension of previously aerated lung areas. These results can be explained by the uneven distribution of regional compliance characterizing patients with lobar CT attenuations (compliant upper lobes and stiff lower lobes) contrasting with a more even distribution of regional compliances observed in patients with diffuse CT attenuations.¶Conclusions: In patients with ARDS, the cardiorespiratory effects of PEEP are affected by lung morphology rather than by the cause of the lung injury (primary versus secondary ARDS). The regional distribution of the loss of aeration and the type of atelectasis –“mechanical” with a massive loss of lung volume, or “inflammatory” with a preservation of lung volume – characterizing the lower lobes are the main determinants of the cardiorespiratory effects of PEEP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340051340
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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