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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Up-regulation of neuronal NO synthase immunoreactivity in opiate dependence and withdrawal (2000)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 148 (2000), S. 66-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cerebellum ; Hypothalamus ; Locus coeruleus ; Medulla oblongata ; Morphine tolerance ; Morphine withdrawal ; Nitric oxide (NO) ; Olfactory nuclei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Nitric oxide (NO) has been postulated to contribute significantly to analgesic effects of opiates as well as to the development of tolerance and physical dependence to morphine. Objective: The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of chronic morphine treatment and abstinence on the expression of neuronal NO synthase (neuronal NOS, nNOS) in several brain regions of mice. Methods: Seven days after the implantation of a 75 mg morphine pellet, adult male CD1 mice received a SC dose of 1 mg/kg naloxone. Fifteen minutes after the naloxone injection, brains were removed and nNOS expression was studied by using immunohistochemical methods. Results: Morphine-dependence produced an increase in the number of nNOS-positive cells in the main and accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory nuclei, cerebellum, locus coeruleus, medulla oblongata (nucleus of the solitary tract and prepositus hypoglossal nucleus), and a decrease in nNOS immunoreactivity in hypothalamus. The administration of naloxone to morphine-dependent mice to induce abstinence increased nNOS immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and locus coeruleus. Conclusions: These results indicate that the chronic treatment with morphine leads to alterations in nNOS expression in important regions implicated in the physical tolerance and dependence to opiates and suggest the use of specific inhibitors of this isoform in these conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations between D and $${\overline D}$$ mesons produced in 500 GeV/cπ−-nucleon interactions (2000)
    Springer
    EPJ direct 1 (2000), S. 1-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-3725
    Keywords: 12.38.-t ; 13.85.-t ; 13.87.Ce ; 13.87.Fh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a study of correlations between D and $${\overline D}$$ mesons produced in 500 GeV/cπ−-nucleon interactions, based on data from experiment E791 at Fermilab. We have fully reconstructed 791 ± 44 charm meson pairs to study correlations between the transverse and longitudinal momenta of the two D mesons and the relative production rates for different types of D meson pairs. We see slight correlations between the longitudinal momenta of the D and the $${\bar D}$$ , and significant correlations between the azimuthal angle of the D and the $${\bar D}$$ . The experimental distributions are compared to a next-to-leading-order QCD calculation and to predictions of the PYTHIA/JETSET Monte Carlo event generator. We observe less correlation between transverse momenta and different correlations between longitudinal momenta than these models predict for the default values of the model parameters. Better agreement between data and theory might be achieved by tuning the model parameters or by adding higher order perturbative terms, thus contributing to a better understanding of charm production. The relative production rates for the four sets of charm pairs, $$D^0{{\overline D}^0}, D^0 D^{-}, D^+{{\overline D}^0}, D^+ D^{-}$$ as calculated in the PYTHIA/JETSET event generator with the default parameters, agree with data as far as the relative ordering, but predict too many $$D^+ {{\overline D}^0}$$ pairs and too few $$D^+ D^{-}$$ pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101059900c0004
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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