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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 68.35.Rh  (1)
  • Cryptosporidium  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 75.30.Kz ; 75.40.−s ; 68.35.Rh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of the surface and near-surface layers of macroscopic FeBO3 single crystals is studied over the temperature range from 291 K to Neél temperature (T N ) using depth-selective conversion-electron Mössbauer spectroscopy. Three different phases or states, namely, an antiferromagnetically ordered phase (similar to the crystal bulk state), a surface phase, and a transition layer between them coexist near the Neél point in a surface layer ∼500 nm thick. The critical parameters found for the bulk phase agree well with the theoretical critical index νth≅0.63 predicted by the 3D Ising model. As the crystal surface is approached, the critical parameter β increases to 0.51(2) but remains smaller than the value of β=0.8 for the surface of a semi-infinite Heisenberg model. Therefore, the effective dimensionality of the system, being equal to 3 in the bulk, decreases at the crystal surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 16 (2000), S. 385-390 
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Cryptosporidium ; Endemic infections ; Serology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although cryptosporidiosis outbreaks have been frequently reported in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, few outbreaks have been reported on the European continent. The reasons for this are unclear. To ascertain whether a European population has been previously exposed to Cryptosporidium, we conducted a survey of 100 resident blood donors in a northern Italian city for IgG serological response to two oocyst antigen groups. A serological response to the 15/17-kDa antigen group was detected in 83% of blood donors and response to the 27-kDa antigen group in 62%. Donors who traveled outside of Italy during the prior 12 months were less likely to have had a response to the 15/17-kDa antigen group (p 〈 0.04) and to have a less intense response (p 〈 0.05). Older age was predictive of a more intense response to each antigen group (p 〈 0.01). The fraction of Italian blood donors with a serological response to either antigen group was higher than in four United States blood donor populations, with differences more pronounced for response to the 15/17-kDa antigen group (p 〈 0.01). A lower fraction of Italian donors had a serological response to either antigen group than persons tested at the time of a cryptosporidiosis outbreak in the United States or blood donors tested six months after that outbreak (p 〈 0.05). Since the presence of serological responses to these antigen groups predicts a reduced risk of cryptosporidiosis, the high prevalence of serological responses in these Italian blood donors may explain the infrequent occurrences of clinically detectable cryptosporidiosis in this city.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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