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  • 1
    ISSN: 1615-6692
    Keywords: Key Words Right ventricle ; Arrhythmias ; Left bundle branch block ; Dysplasia ; Fatty infiltration ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Schlüsselwörter Rechter Ventrikel ; Arrhythmien ; Linksschenkelblock ; Dysplasie ; Fettige Degeneration ; Kernspintomographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die arrhythogene rechtsventrikuläre Dysplasie (ARVD), eine Herzmuskelerkrankung unlarer Ätiologie, ist pathologisch durch fettige Degeneration des rechtsventrikulären Myokards gekennzeichnet. Die klinischen Symptome umfassen strukturelle und funktionelle Malformationen des rechten Ventrikels, krankhafte elektrokardiographische Befunde und das Auftreten ventrikulärer Tachykardien mit Linksschenkelblock oder plötzlichem Herztod. Die Krankheit tritt familiär gehäft auf und wird autosomal vererbt. Neben der rechtsventrikulären Dilatation stellen rechtsventrikuläre Aneurysmen typische Fehlbildungen bei ARVD dar. Sie sind im so genannten “Dysplasiedreieck”, das heißt rechtem ventrikulärem Ausflusstrakt, Herzspitze und Infundibulum, verteilt. Dort lokalisierte ventrikuläre Aneurysmen können als pathognomonisch für die ARVD angesehen werden. Ein weiteres typisches Merkmal der ARVD ist die fettige Degeneration der freien rechten Ventrikelwand. Diese funktionellen und strukturellen Charakteristika sind bei der klinischen Untersuchung mit bildgebenden Verfahren wie Kontrastangiographie, Echokardiographie, Radionuklidangiographie, ultraschneller Computertomographie und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) von Bedeutung. Unter diesen Verfahren erlaubt die MRT die deutlichste Darstellung des Herzens, insbesondere bei Beteiligung des rechten Ventrikels, der sich mit den anderen bildgebenden Methoden in der Regel schwerer untersuchen lässt. Darüber hinaus bietet die MRT den wesentlichen Vorteil der Darstellung der fettigen Degeneration als helles Signal im rechtsventrikulären Myokard. Die MRT liefert die wichtigsten anatomischen, funktionellen und morphologischen Kriterien zur Diagnose einer ARVD in einem einzigen Untersuchungsgang. Daher scheint sie das beste bildgebende Verfahren zur Identifizierung und Nachsorge von Patienten mit klinischem Verdacht auf ARVD zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is a heart muscle disorder of unknown cause that is characterized pathologically by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium. Clinical manifestations include structural and functional malformations of the right ventricle, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and presentation with ventricular tachycardias with left bundle branch pattern or sudden death. The disease is often familial with an autosomal inheritance. In addition to right ventricular dilatation, right ventricular aneurysms are typical deformities of ARVD and they are distributed in the so-called “triangle of dysplasia”, i. e., right ventricular outflow tract, apex, and infundibulum. Ventricular aneurysms at these sites can be considered pathognomonic of ARVD. Another typical hallmark of ARVD is fibrofatty infiltration of the right ventricular free wall. These functional and morphologic characteristics are relevant to clinical imaging investigations such as contrast angiography, echocardiography, radionuclide angiography, ultrafast computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among these techniques, MRI allows the clearest visualization of the heart, in particular because the right ventricle is involved, which is usually more difficult to explore with the other imaging modalities. Furthermore, MRI offers the specific advantage of visualizing adipose infiltration as a bright signal of the right ventricular myocardium. MRI provides the most important anatomic, functional, and morphologic criteria for diagnosis of ARVD within one single study. As a result, MRI appears to be the optimal imaging technique for detecting and following patients with clinical suspicion of ARVD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Color-coded duplex sonography ; Cervical lymph node pathology ; Lymph node vascularity ; Signal enhancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The vascularity of cervical lymph nodes can be documented by means of color-coded duplex sonography and malignant and benign lymph nodes distinguished on the basis of typical patterns of vascularity. However, not all intranodal vessels can be visualized by color-coded duplex sonography, and minute vessels are detectable only after the administration of a signal enhancer. This also makes it possible to assess the morphology of cervical lymph nodes that are inaccessible on plain sonography. In the present study we examined acute and chronic inflammatory and metastatic lymph nodes as well as malignant lymphomas to determine the extent to which a specific pattern of vascularity can be detected with color-coded duplex sonography after the injection of Levovist® as a signal enhancer. In addition, digital image processing was used to quantify the vascularity detected in relation to the cross-sectional area of the lymph nodes as seen at sonography and to determine whether there are any differences in lymph node types as regards an increase in the detection of vascularity. After injection of the marker a typical pattern of vascularity could be assigned to all lymph nodes examined and differences shown in quantifying vascularity: This increase was greatest in the acutely inflamed lymph nodes (36.0 ± 5.0%) and smallest in lymph nodes with chronic inflammation (2.3 ± 1.3%). These findings show that cervical lymph nodes of varying origin differ by virtue of their pattern of vascularity, with increased vascularity detectable after administration of a signal enhancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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