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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • Key words Parkinson's disease  (1)
  • Neuronal cytoskeleton  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Morbus Parkinson ; Motorisches System ; Limbisches System ; Lewy-Körper ; Lewy-Neuriten ; Zytoskelett ; α-Synuklein ; Key words Parkinson's disease ; Motor system ; Limbic system ; Lewy bodies ; Lewy neurites ; Cytoskeleton ; α-Synuclein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Morbus Parkinson is a progressive degenerative disease of the human central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems. In the course of the disease, not only the substantia nigra, but also extranigral components of the motor system, as well as numerous limbic system and autonomic centers undergo serious damage. Accordingly, Parkinson's disease is a multisystem disorder. Only specific types of projection neurons fall victim to it. The first manifestation of the pathological process which causes the disease are abnormalities of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Intracytoplasmic inclusions evolving in the form of Lewy bodies in perikarya and Lewy neurites in the neuronal processes result in premature cell death of the affected neurons. On the basis of this selective neuronal vulnerability, a categorization emerges of the pathological changes within the nervous system and corresponding functional impairments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Morbus Parkinson ist eine stetig voranschreitende degenerative Erkrankung des zentralen, peripheren und enterischen Nervensystems des Menschen. Im Verlauf der Erkrankung erleiden neben der Substantia nigra eine Reihe von extranigralen Komponenten des motorischen Systems sowie zahlreiche Zentren des limbischen Systems und der autonomen Regulation schwerwiegende Zerstörungen. Der Morbus Parkinson ist daher eine Multisystemerkrankung. Nur bestimmte Arten von Projektionsneuronen entwickeln die für die Erkrankung charakteristischen Veränderungen des neuronalen Zytoskeletts. Das Ergebnis dieser Veränderungen sind intraneuronale Einschlusskörper in Form von Lewy-Körpern in den Zellleibern und Lewy-Neuriten in den Zellfortsätzen, die zum vorzeitigen Absterben der betroffenen Nervenzellen führen. Aufgrund der selektiven neuronalen Vulnerabilität ergibt sich eine charakteristische Verteilung der Veränderungen innerhalb des Nervensystems mit entsprechenden Einbußen der Funktionsfähigkeit zahlreicher Systeme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer’s disease ; Basal nucleus of Meynert ; Neuronal cytoskeleton ; Tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examines the evolution of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related pathology in a subcortical predilection site, the basal nucleus of Meynert (bnM), which is a major source of cortical cholinergic innervation. Brains of 51 autopsy cases were studied using silver techniques and immunostaining for tau-associated neurofibrillary pathology and for amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits. All cases are classified according to a procedure permitting differentiation of six stages of AD-related neurofibrillary changes in the cerebral cortex. Initial cytoskeletal abnormalities in the bnM are already noted in stage I of cortical neurofibrillary changes. The gradual development of the neurofibrillary pathology in the bnM parallels the progression of the AD-related stages in the cerebral cortex. A variety of morphologically distinguishable cytoskeletal alterations are observed in large nerve cells which predominate in the bnM. Based on these cellular alterations, a sequence of cytoskeletal deterioration is proposed. Initially, the abnormal tau protein is distributed diffusely throughout the cell body and the neuronal processes. Subsequently, it aggregates to form a neurofibrillary tangle, which appears as a spherical somatic inclusion. The cell processes gradually become fragmented. Finally the parent cell dies, leaving behind an extraneuronal “ghost tangle”. With regard to the cortical stages of AD-related ¶neurofibrillary changes, the initial forms of cytoskeletal changes in the bnM predominate in the transentorhinal AD stages (I and II), while “ghost tangles” preferentially occur in the neocortical stages (V and VI). The considerable morphological diversity of cytoskeletal alterations is typical of stages III and IV. These results indicate that individual neurons of the bnM enter the sequence of cytoskeletal deterioration at different times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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