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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We study the growth of Fe by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (100), (311)A, and (331)A substrates in dependence on the termination (reconstruction) of the GaAs surface and Fe growth temperature. Crystal quality and surface morphology of the 20- and 160-nm-thick Fe layers are characterized by double-crystal x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. On GaAs (100) substrates we obtain very smooth Fe layers for As-rich surface reconstructions at a growth temperature of 50 °C. Less As-rich surface reconstructions produce macroscopic defects whose density increases on more Ga-rich surface reconstructions. On GaAs (311)A and (331)A substrates smooth layers with good crystal quality are obtained at 0 °C. The high density of macroscopic defects in these Fe layers is again eliminated on As-saturated surfaces. The evolution of the Fe surface morphology on the micron-length scale and the successful elimination of macroscopic defects on As-saturated GaAs substrates is highly relevant for application of these layers, in particular, their integration with the unique lateral semiconductor nanostructures formed on high-index GaAs (311)A and (331)A substrates. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1297-1299 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Long and fairly uniform quantum wire arrays have been fabricated by the growth of (In,Ga)As/GaAs multilayer structures. The structural properties of the quantum wires are characterized by atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The lateral carrier confinement in the quantum wires is confirmed by linear polarization dependent photoluminescence (PL) and magneto-PL measurements. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4219-4221 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The shape transition of coherent three-dimensional (3D) islands is observed experimentally in the (In,Ga)As/GaAs(100) material system. In the molecular-beam epitaxy of a 1.8-nm-thick In0.35Ga0.65As single layer, we find that the shape of the coherent 3D islands transforms from round to elongated when increasing the growth temperature. A quantitative agreement of our experimental data with the theoretical work of Tersoff and Tromp is achieved. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: [Auszug] Although advances have been made in understanding cell differentiation, only rudimentary knowledge exists concerning how differentiated cells form tissues and organs. We studied liver organogenesis because the cell and tissue architecture of this organ is well defined. Approximately 60% of the ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 95 (2000), S. 3-18 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Forest management and planning can involve large tracts of land involving numerous areal units. One approach to plan activities for a forested region over decades involves breaking down decision making into three components: strategic, tactical, and operational. Each level of the management hierarchy can involve the development and application of optimization models. These models typically aid in exploring management alternatives as well as multi-objective tradeoffs. Even though a strategic model can provide support for long term management at a broad scale, solutions may not be feasible at an operational level. Tactical level modeling helps to bridge solutions reached at a strategic level using operational planning information. This paper presents several tactical level planning models that have been developed as a part of a research effort supported by the US Forest Service. These models have been utilized in land use management and planning by the US Forest Service through a specially developed spatial decision support system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 133 (2000), S. 313-317 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: PIXE; heavy ion X-ray production cross sections; trace analysis ; PACS: 32.80Hd.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract.  Various K-, L- and M-shell X-ray production cross sections are measured for heavy ion impact on elements in the range Z 2 = 13 to 83. The ion species range from Z 1 = 10 to 36, and ion energies from 1 to 16 MeV are used. Enhanced cross sections are observed when the projectile K- or L- binding energy is similar to the energy of the target K-, L- or M-shell. This effect is used to improve the analysis sensitivity for selected elements. As an example trace analysis of Fe in glass with V, Mn, Co and Ni ions is investigated. Results are compared with proton induced X-ray emission analysis on the same samples. In these samples Fe-Kα X-ray production is similar for irradiation with 3 MeV protons and 14 MeV Ni ions. However the signal to background ratio is four times higher for the irradiation with Ni ions as compared to irradiation with protons. Advantages and drawbacks of heavy ion induced X-ray emission for quantitative analysis compared to proton induced X-ray emission analysis are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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