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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and Histochemical Characterization of the Mucosa of the Digestive Tract in Engraulis anchoita (Hubbs and Marini, 1935) (2003)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 32 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The histomorphological aspects as well as the histochemical content and distribution of glycoproteins (GPs) in the mucosa of the digestive tract of the anchovy Engraulis anchoita were studied. The buccopharyngeal cavity is lined by a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous superficial cells; the oesophagus shows two zones, cranial with a squamous stratified epithelium with mucous superficial cells and caudal with a columnar secretory epithelium. Finally, the stomach presents both the cranial and pyloric portion lined with a simple columnar epithelium. Tubular branched glands, formed by a single type of glandular cell, located along the stomach, are more numerous in the cranial portion. The GPs were identified with (1) oxidizable vicinal diols; (2) sialic acids and some of their chain variants, C7 or C9; (3) sialic acid residues with O-acyl substitution at C7 or C8; (4) carboxyl groups and (5) sulphate groups. Histochemical tests showed that the buccopharyngeal cavity presented the largest amount of the different types of mucosubstances. Epithelial secretory cells were found in the oesophagus, which synthesized a large quantity of sialosulphoglycoproteins likely to be related to a protective role. The surface epithelium of the stomach synthesizes and secretes acid and neutral GPs, probably related to the movement of fluids and to the absorption of easily digested substrates, respectively. Although great differences exist between different species, in E. anchoita as in other fish species, the wall of the digestive tract is composed of the four layers classically described for vertebrates. The GPs secreted by the epithelial cells are suggested to be important for the protection and inhibition of microorganisms. In additon, they are involved in enzymatic digestion of food, absorptive functions and lubrication of the alimentary tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2003.00490.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of 1-acetoxypinoresinol to authenticate Picual olive oils (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 37 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Picual olive oils may represent 25% of the world olive oil production. This monovarietal oil is highly valued from a nutritional viewpoint because of its high content of monounsaturated acid and polyphenols. This study reports a method to authenticate virgin olive oils of the Picual variety. The method was based on the very low content of the lignan 1-acetoxypinoresinol in these oils. The compound, as well as the other phenolic substances, was extracted from oil by using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), the extract was washed with hexane and nitrogen was bubbled into the solution. The identification and quantification of the lignan used HPLC to separate, followed by UV, electrochemical, fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection or gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a mass spectrometry detector. UV detection offered low sensitivity and peaks coeluting with 1-acetoxypinoresinol were also observed. Mass spectrometry detection clearly discriminated between olive oils of Picual variety and other Spanish varieties. However, lignans show a very high response to fluorescence excitation, this detector is cheaper than mass spectrometry detectors and therefore it was considered as more appropriate for industrial uses. Thus, the latter method allowed discrimination between thirty-eight Picual olive oils and eight oils of the Hojiblanca, Cornicabra, Empeltre and Arbequina varieties. The paper also demonstrated the possibility of analysing all the phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil by fluorescence. Using this technique an easy methodology to authenticate Picual olive oils was developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00591.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi on Vigna luteola growth and its effect on the exchangeable (32P) phosphorus of soil (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 232-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhizae ; Glomus mosseae ; Scutellospora fulgida ; Vigna luteola ; Isotopically exchangeable phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of the inoculation of Glomus mosseae and Scutellospora fulgida, singly or in mixed inocula, was tested on the growth and mycorrhizal characteristics of Vigna luteola. Soil depletion by mycorrhizal inoculation was determined as exchangeable 32PO4. Five treatments were performed: non-inoculated control (C); inoculated with a suspension of microorganisms free of mycorrhizae (M); inoculated with S. fulgida plus microorganisms (Sf+M); inoculated with G. mosseae plus microorganisms (Gm+M) and a treatment inoculated with both S. fulgida and G. mosseae plus microorganisms (Sf+Gm+M). G. mosseae was the most efficient fungus in promoting growth of V. luteola. This fungus produced higher shoot dry weight, P uptake in shoots (Pshoot) and Pshoot/arbuscules ratio than the S. fulgida inoculum, even though percent arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) colonization was similar for the two single AM-inoculated treatments. The highest value of isotopically exchangeable P was recorded for treatment M (P〈0.05). In comparison with M, Gm+M treatment reduced the different P pools more than Sf+M treatment. Cp values were reduced to half by Gm+M and Sf+M treatments and were minimum for the combined treatment. Pools A (exchangeable phosphate between 1 min and 1 day) and B (exchangeable phosphate between 1 day and 3 months) were reduced by Gm+M treatment in contrast to Sf+M, which left them unchanged. The depression of isotopically exchangeable P for all pools obtained for the Sf+Gm+M treatment suggested that specific characteristics of fungi caused differences in P absorption, which in addition was altered by the possible interactions among them, when multiple inocula were used in a soil low in native P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050650
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Native and Irradiation-Induced Defects in SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Structures Studied by Positron Annihilation Techniques (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 363-365 (Apr. 2001), p. 64-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/05/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.363-365.64.pdf
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positronium Fractions and Cavity Sizes Derived from 1- and 2-Detector Doppler Broadening SpectraPositronium Fractions and Cavity Sizes Derived from 1- and 2-Detector Doppler Broadening Spectra (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 363-365 (Apr. 2001), p. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/05/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.363-365.287.pdf
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron Beam Analysis of Polymer/Metal Interfaces under Stress (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 363-365 (Apr. 2001), p. 499-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/05/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.363-365.499.pdf
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal Distribution of Solar Magnetic Fields and Activity During the Ending and Starting Periods of Activity Cycles (2000)
    Springer
    Solar physics 196 (2000), S. 403-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Studying the appearance of active regions during periods of solar activity minima, we observed that the magnetic fields of active regions belonging to the old and new cycle were mutually related. This was the reason we decided to investigate the relation of the old and new cycle activity during the two last minima in more detail. We examined the distribution of both activities in heliographic longitude, because the patterns of such distribution change substantially during the time of the minimum, and we studied their relation to the distribution and development of the global (background) magnetic field. We observed that the active regions of the old and new cycles tended to concentrate in the same active longitudes. The sources of their magnetic fluxes seem to have the same heliographic longitude. The beginning of the new cycle activity, occurring at the very beginning to a very weak degree in the equatorial zone, and then proceeding to higher latitudes, occurs in the magnetic field remnants of the old cycle activity. During the transition phase, a relatively large number of small active regions is produced by both cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005226228739
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of the Magnetic Field in the Ascension of the 22nd and 23rd Cycles of Activity (2000)
    Springer
    Solar physics 197 (2000), S. 175-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first small active regions of the last two new cycles seem to be formed, in its very first, preparatory stage, close to the equator with uncertain magnetic orientation, and as secondary products at the periphery of equatorial `magnetic bubbles' of the new magnetic flux still belonging to the old cycle. At the real beginning of the new cycle, at the periphery of its higher-latitude `magnetic bubbles', the opposite applies to the secondary regions of the ending cycle. It seems that two modes of magnetic flux supply the visible layers of the photosphere during the cycle transition phase: the emergence of the magnetic flux from the depth of the convective zone, and the mutual interaction of the earlier emerging fluxes, or the action of the `local dynamo', giving rise to the new local magnetic field concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026564727830
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clavulanic acid, a β-lactamase inhibitor: biosynthesis and molecular genetics (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 467-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Clavulanic acid is a secondary metabolite produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. It possesses a clavam structure and a characteristic 3R,5R stereochemistry essential for action as a β-lactamase inhibitory molecule. It is produced from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and arginine in an eight step biosynthetic pathway. The pathway is carried out by unusual enzymes, such as (1) the enzyme condensing both precursors, N 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-arginine (CEA) synthetase, (2) the β-lactam synthetase cyclizing CEA and (3) the clavaminate synthetase, a well-characterized multifunctional enzyme. Genes for biosynthesis of clavulanic acid and other clavams have been cloned and characterized. They offer new possibilities for modification of the pathway and for obtaining new molecules with a clavam structure. The state of the regulatory proteins controlling clavulanic acid biosynthesis, as well as the relationship between the biosynthetic pathway of clavulanic acid and other clavams, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000420
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of groundwater flow in the Bailin hazardous waste-disposal site (Huesca, Spain) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 216-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords contamination ; groundwater ; lindane ; waste disposal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A serious problem in Spain is presented, where the water and soil were contaminated by lindane produced by the chemical industry, at a time when environmental legislation was limited, and the hydrogeological characterization of the low permeability materials was insufficient. The waste-disposal sites where the lindane accumulated lacked suitable sealing and also had notable filtration. The non-existence of a safe waste-disposal site, and the economic and social problems of transporting lindane residues forced the alternative proposal of confining these residues in situ (Government of Aragón, 1995, 1996). Once the surface sealing was carried out, the problem centred on the site's underground confinement. The purpose of this publication is to present the particular hydrogeological behaviour of materials, which were initially considered impermeable because of the presence of very consolidated sandstone beddings and the vertical disposition of the strata, and so allowed the lindane to escape through the groundwater. In addition, this publication describes the procedures carried out in order to achieve effective underground confinement at the waste-disposal site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000154
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